Viticulture & Vinification + Flashcards
What is Sotolon?
4 types of wines we often associate with it?
associated aromas?
Aromatic compounds in wine coming from oxidation; most prevalent in fortified wines like Sherry & Madeira. Can also be found in white wines from 7-10 years old.
Vin Jaune, Old botrytized wines, Old Chardonnay and very old reds.
Cumin, Maple Syrup, Walnuts, Molasses, Roast Tobacco
Honey & Beeswax in premature oxidized wines?
What are Thiols / Mercaptans (4MMP)?
associated aromas?
potential issues?
Aromatic compounds locked in grape skins are unlocked by fermentation - applies to a wide array of grape varieties. Thiols become volatile via yeasts during fermentation and become mercaptans. NZ SB from Marlborough have the highest thiols levels in the world.
Passionfruit, Grapefruit, Gooseberry, Blackcurrant.
Can be a fault at higher levels resulting in garlic, cabbage, rubber/ burnt rubber and struck match.
What is the name of the desirable cellar mold?
What are the benefits?
Zasmidium Cellare aka Cellar Mold - has a cotton wool appearance.
Thrives in dark, ethanol rich environments and is brown to black in colour. Commonly found in wine & brandy cellars in central and southern Europe.
Though to be beneficial to the cleanliness of the cellar air due to its ability to consume musty odors.
Rotundone
Associated aromas and varietals (8) ?
Black & White pepper, Marjoram, Cocoa, Earthy spice flavours.
Schioppettino, Syrah, Grenache, Zinfadel, Petit Syrah, Mourvedre, Pelaverga (Piedmont - pale red), Gruner Veltliner
What is Powdery Mildew?
French Synoynm?
Bordeaux infection date?
Oidium likes warm weather and shaded canopys. Attacks all green parts of the vine. Noticeable by the grey-white ash like spores. Humidity isn’t a factor with Powdery like Downy.
If bunches are affected before flowering it can affect fruit set and thus yields. It can delay ripening, berry size, and ultimately colour and flavour. Infected wines lose their flavour and can contract a mouldy bitter taint.
1852 in Bordeux
What is Millerandage?
LGO synonym?
A grape inflorescence contains hundreds of flowers, only a portion of those will develop into berries. . i.e. poor fertilisation in some grapes.
Millerandage is when there is a excessively high portion of seedless (chicken berries) and live green ovarys (LGO’s). Seedless develop normally, LGO’s/ Shot berries do not .
Inclement weather at flowering is the most common cause. Affects yields and quality. Merlot is prone.
Hens & Chickens, Pumpkin and Peas, Shot Berries
Coulure?
Aka ‘Shatter’ is a disease that affects grapevines when a large number of their flowers fail to be fertilized or stay CLOSED (= COULURE). The unfertilized flowers shrivel and fall off the vine, resulting in clusters with fewer grapes. i.e. No fertilization in some FLOWERS.
Coulure can be caused by many factors, including:
* Weather: Cold, rainy, wet, or cloudy conditions can slow photosynthesis, cause carbohydrate deficiencies, and divert energy away from ripening flowers and fruit
* Vine physiology: Abnormalities in vine physiology can affect fruit set
* Chemical deficiencies: Chemical deficiencies can cause coulure Improper fertilization:
* Improper fertilization can cause coulure
Coulure can also lead to millerandage.
Preparation 500?
Cow Manure / Horn Manure
Cow manure is buried in cow horns in the soil over winter. The horn is then dug up, its contents are then stirred in water and sprayed on the soil in the afternoon. The horn may be re-used as a sheath. Stimulates soil life and root growth.
Preparation 501?
Quartz / Horn Silica
Ground quartz is buried in cow horns in the soil over summer. The horn is then dug up, its contents are then stirred in water and sprayed over the vines at daybreak. The horn may be re-used as a sheath. Enhances light metabolism and photosynthesis.
Preparation 502?
Yarrow
Yarrow flowers are buried, sheathed in a stag’s bladder. This is hung in the summer sun, buried over winter, then dug up the following spring. The bladder’s contents are removed and inserted in the compost (the used bladder is discarded). Encourages uptake of trace elements.
Preparation 503?
Chamomile
Chamomile flowers are sheathed in a cow intestine. This is hung in the summer sun, buried over winter, then dug up the following spring. The intestine’s contents are removed and inserted in the compost (the used intestine is discarded). Stabilizes nitrogen and calcium and enhances soil life.
Preparation 504?
Nettles
Stinging nettles are buried in the soil (with no animal sheath) in summer, dug up the following autumn, and inserted in the compost. Stabilizes sulfur and stimulates soil health.
Preparation 505?
Oak Bark
Oak bark is sheathed in the skull of a farm animal and buried in a watery environment over winter, then dug up. The skull’s contents are removed and inserted in the compost (the used skull is discarded). Provides “healing forces” to prevent disease.
Preparation 506?
Dandelion
Dandelion flowers are buried, sheathed in a cow mesentery (peritoneum). This is hung in the summer sun, buried over winter, then dug up the following spring. The mesentery’s contents are removed and inserted in the compost and the used mesentery is discarded. Stimulates the relationship between silica and potassium so silica can attract “cosmic forces” to the soil.
Preparation 507?
Valerian
Valerian flower juice is sprayed over and/or inserted into the compost. Stimulates compost so that phosphorus will be properly used by the soil.
