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The Grind > North Americas > Flashcards

North Americas Flashcards

1
Q

Which Mexican wine region is responsible for 85% of production?

4 sub-regions of note?

Climate?

2 influences?

What was the first grape planted in Mexico?

A

Baja California

Guadalupe Valley #1
Ojos Negros Valley
San Vicente Valley
Santo Tomás Valle

Mediterranean climate with maritime influence

Pacific to the west (Humboldt)
Gulf of California to the east.

Listán Prieto - planted by Spanish conquerors.

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2
Q

Name 2 producers from Guadalupe Valley?

A

Baja California

L.A. Cetto
Biggest. Founded my Italian immigrants. Nebbiolo is widely exported.

Bodegas Henri Lurton
Henri Lurton, owner of the Grand Cru Classé, Château Brane-Cantenac in Margaux. Winemaker Lourdes Martinez Ojeda originally from Mexico worked at Château Brane-Cantenac for 10 years.

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3
Q

USA’s first AVA?

A

Augusta AVA, Missouri 1980.

(Napa was 1981)

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4
Q

USA Production by state - top 5?

A

California
Washington
New York
Oregon
Texas

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5
Q

Which Virginia AVA shares the same name with a California AVA

A

Shenandoah Valley AVA - mostly hybrids

CA: ‘California Shenandoah Valley’

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6
Q

Virginia States most important AVA?

1 producer and wine of note?

A

Monticello AVA - has silky clay

Barboursville Vineyards
Piedmont, Virginia in the Monticello AVA. The winery is built on the grounds of Barboursville, the home of the 19th Governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia, James Barbour. Thomas Jefferson planted 2 Vitis Vinifera experimental vineyards here in 1807 that ultimately failed.

The modern winery was founded in 1976 by an Italian.

‘Octagon’ flagship Bordeaux (1991)
Nebbiolo, Sangiovese, Barbera, Viognier also.

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7
Q

Which AVA is shared between Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee?

A

Appalachian High Country AVA

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8
Q

What AVA is named after a former American president?

State?

A

Northern Neck George Washington Birthplace AVA

Virginia - one of the founding 13 states.

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9
Q

Where is Rocky Knob AVA?

A

Virginia

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10
Q

Where is North Fork of Roanoke AVA?

A

Virginia

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11
Q

What are the 2 sub AVA of Texas Hill County AVA?

1 producer of note & 2 wines?

A

Bell Mt. AVA
Fredericksburg (in the Texas Hill Country) AVA

Fall Creek Vineyards
1975. Texas Hill County
* ‘Meritus’ is their top wine and Bordeaux blend.
* ‘Salt Lick Vineyard’ well-known as well, SW of Austin
itself (in Texas Hill County AVA).

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12
Q

Which Texas AVA is shared with New Mexico?

A

Mesilla Valley AVA

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13
Q

Where is Escondido Valley AVA?

A

Texas

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14
Q

Texas

Climate?

Biggest viticultural threat?

Harvest dates?

A

humid, sub-tropical climate

Pierce’s disease is #1 challenge but frosts as well.

Usually, Texas harvests in July, which is about two months sooner than California.

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15
Q

Which Texas AVA is known for selling a lot of fruit?

A

Texas High Plains AVA 1993

A lot of producers purchase fruit from this AVA while there are only 6 producers actually based here.

Notably Bingham.

Late spring frosts and hail are hazards.

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16
Q

11 Williamette AVA’s (1983)?

A

Tulatin Hills
Laurelwood
Mt. Pisgah-Polk County (2022)
Chehalem Mt. + Lower Long Tom (river)
Yamhill-Carlton(w) Ribbon Ridge [within] +
McMinville (J) Dundee Hills (J)
Eola Amity Hills (J)
Van Duzzer Corridor

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17
Q

Williamette

2 classic soils?

A

Jory (sedimentary): red/ruddy coloured basalt loams (balance of clay, silt & sand). While volcanic, the soils are not particularly fertile and do provide excellent drainage. Often described as yielding lighter, more elegant expressions of Pinot Noir with bright red cherry fruit.

Willakenzie: a combination of 2 river names: Williamette and McKenzie. Marine sediments of sandstone/siltstone, yellowish in colour and said to offer more dark fruit-flavoured, muscular wines. Perhaps more Cote de Nuits in style to generalise.

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18
Q

Where is Applegate Valley AVA?

A

Oregon (Southern)

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19
Q

Where is Rogue Valley AVA?

A

Oregon (Southern)

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20
Q

Where is Umpqua Valley AVA?

A

Oregon (Southern)

Three different mountain ranges converge here: Coast Range, the Klamath Mountains, and the Cascades. The resulting topography has led to the region being christened ‘the Hundred Valleys of the Umpqua’. Cooler environment well-suited to Riesling and Pinot Noir.

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21
Q

Where is Red Hill Douglas County AVA?

A

Oregon (Southern)

22
Q

Which AVA is shared between Oregon & Idaho.

A

Snake River Valley AVA

[Oregon = idaHO]

23
Q

Which 3 Washington State AVA’s are shared with Oregon?

A

Columbia Gorge (+ Puget Sound are only Washington AVA’s
NOT within/partly within Columbia Valley)

Columbia Valley
Walla Walla Valley

24
Q

Where is Lake Chelan AVA?

A

Columbia Valley, Washington

25
Q

What 5 AVA’s are located within Yakima Valley

A

Rattle Snake Hills
Snipes Mountain
Red Mountain
Goose Gap
Candy Mountain - smallest in the state

26
Q

Which AVA is majority based in Idaho but is also shared with Washington states south east corner?

A

Lewis-Clark Valley AVA

27
Q

Where is Rock Reach AVA?

A

Columbia Valley, Washington

(2022)

28
Q

Where is Ancient Lakes AVA?

A

Columbia Valley, Washington

29
Q

Where is Royal Slopes AVA?

A

Columbia Valley, Washington

30
Q

Where is Wahluke Slopes AVA?

A

Columbia Valley, Washington

31
Q

Where is Nache Heights AVA?

A

Columbia Valley, Washington

32
Q

Where is White Bluffs AVA?

A

Columbia Valley, Washington

33
Q

Where is Horse Heaven Hills AVA?

A

Columbia Valley, Washington

34
Q

Which AVA is within Walla Walla AVA?

A

The sub-AVA of Rocks District of Milton-Freewater (AKA ‘the Rocks’) falls on the Oregon side of the greater Walla Walla AVA however, both vineyards and winery must be located within the AVA boundaries to be permitted to label with the AVA.

There are currently 5 permitted however the only known is Hundred Suns? Cayuse qualifies but prefers Walla Walla.

35
Q

2 Phylloxera outbreaks in Napa Valley?

Rootstock of note?

2 Producers with pre phylloxera plantings?

A

Between the 1960’s-80’s

In California, many growers used a rootstock called AxR1. At the time it was thought to be resistant. Within twenty years, mutation and selective pressures within the phylloxera population began to overcome this rootstock, resulting in the eventual failure of most vineyards planted on AxR1.

Grgich Hills
Yountville Old Vine Cabernet Sauvignon: 10.11ha Cabernet Sauvignon pre-phylloxera plot planted 1959 – 2nd oldest in Napa Valley

Scarecrow
J.J Cohn better known for producing The Wizard of Oz; following his death the vineyard was renamed JJ Cohn Ranch, Rutherford. Cabernet Sauvignon on their own rootstocks (resistant St. George rootstock) dating back to 1945 (so pre 2nd coming of phylloxera). Francis Ford Coppola now owns majority share of the original vineyard.

36
Q

Oldest commercial winery in Napa Valley?

California’s longest continuously operating winery?

A

Charles Krug Winery, St. Helena. 1861. Robert left in 1965.

Beringer, St.Helena. 1876. Held a federal license for religious purposes during prohibition (now owned by Treasury).

37
Q

Only Napa winery to have both a red and white wine represented in the 76’ judgement of Paris?

A

Freemark Abbey, St. Helena. 1886 – 20-year closure over prohibition (now owned by Jackson Family).

38
Q

Oldest Chardonnay and Pinot Noir vines in North America?

A

Hanzell, Sonoma Valley, 1948.
Cult chardonnay producer. Oldest original vines of continuously produced Chardonnay (from Stony Hill) and Pinot Noir (Martin Ray/Mt. Eden) in North America; planted in 1953 in their ‘Ambassador Vineyard’ in Moon Mountain AVA, Sonoma County.

Although multiple vineyards:

Ambassador Vineyard Chardonnay: No MLF, Hanzell’s first single vineyard release.

Ambassador Vineyard Pinot Noir: 1.63ha plot planted in 1953. 10% whole cluster, 50% new and 50% old oak.

39
Q

Finger Lakes AVA

The 4 Lakes it Covers West to East?

Climate?

4 main varietys?

A

Canandaigua - Constellation est. here in 1945.

Keuka - Dr.Konstantin Frank inaugural 1962. Top grafted onto Lambrusca rootstock.

Seneca AVA - Deepest @ 188m. Most plantings. Limestone & Shale.

Cayuga AVA - Longest.

Continental Climate

Riesling, Chardonnay, CF, PN.
70-80% of plantings are V.Lambrusca.

40
Q

Where is Champlain Valley AVA?

A

Champlain Valley of New York AVA

Northern NY State, borders with Canada.

41
Q

What AVA is shared between Ohio, Pennsylvania & New York?

A

Lake Erie.

95% of plantings is Concord.

42
Q

What 2 AVA’s does the Long Island AVA encompass?

4 most important variety’s?

2 producers and 1 wine of note?

A

North Fork of Long Island AVA
The Hamptons of Long Island AVA

Merlot (#1), Chardonnay (#2), CF, CS

Wolffer Estate, Hamptons. ‘Fatalis Fatum’ pred. Merlot BDX is a dead ringer.

Channing Daughters, Hamptons. Italian varietals Malvasia Bianca, Sangiovese, Friulano, Barbera and Blaufrankisch.

43
Q

10 sub GI’s of British Columbia’s Okanagan Valley GI?

A

Lake Country GI (est 2022)

 Kelowna City
 East Kelowna Slopes GI (2022)
 South Kelowna Slopes GI (2022)

Summerland Town
Summerland Bench GI (est 2022)
Summerland Lakefront GI (est 2022)
Summerland Valleys GI (est 2022)

 Naramata Bench

 Oakanagan Falls

Golden Mile Bench - CheckMate (pioneer)
Golden Mile Slopes

44
Q

Okanagan Valley GI

Parallel?

Climate?

2 Mountain Ranges?

5 varietys of note?

A

49 N

Continental

Cascade Mt. to the West; Monashee Mt to the East.

Pinot Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Merlot.

Syrah emerging?

45
Q

Name 1 Biodynamic Canadian producer?

GI Location?

A

Clos du Soleil ‘Enclosed Vineyard of the Sun’

2006, Similkameen Valley GI - a River valley region SW of Oakangan Valley GI.

46
Q

Vintners’ Quality Alliance (VQA) labelling laws of Ontario?

A

Ontario (1988) - legally enforced

All of the below wines must be produced from 100% Ontario grapes, and must be labeled with a Geographic Indication and the “VQA” seal. For wines further labeled by viticultural area (i.e Niagara Peninsula), 85% of the grapes must be grown in the stated area.For wines further labeled by regional regional appellations (Niagara Escarpment, Niagara-on-the-Lake) - 85% of the grapes must be grown in the stated area with reminder coming from the Niagara Peninsula. For wines further labeled by sub-viticultural area (i.e. Niagara River), 100% of the grapes must be grown in the stated sub-viticultural area.

BC is only voluntary..

47
Q

Under Ontario VQA what style of wine is:

Vin de Curé?

A

Dried grape wine

48
Q

Who is credited with the first planting of vines in Napa Valley?

A

George C Yount (renamed to Yountville after his death) as early as 1836.

49
Q

Name an American Producer & vineyard with Whale Bones discovered in it?

A

Saxum Vineyards
Willow Creek, Paso Robles.

Planted in the 1980’s. ‘Saxum’ is latin for Rock. Known for their ‘James Berry Vineyard’ made from GMS & Counoise.

The ‘Bone Rock’ block in this Vineyard had fossilized Whale bones uncovered in it.

50
Q

Name 3 producers permitted to bottle as ‘California Champagne’ due to the Grandfather clause exemption of the 2006 US & EU Commission Trading Agreement?

A

André, Cooks & Korbel

Quantity over quality price point tier of the American sparkling wine market.

Grandfather Clause (a provision in which an old rule continues to apply to some existing situations while a new rule will apply to all future cases)

The Grind (13 decks)

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