Other Liquids Flashcards
What is Bottled in Bond (BiB)?
5 req?
2 Producers?
Bottled in Bond Act of 1897 is a label designation for distilled spirits almost exclusively to American whiskey.
At this time whiskey was typically sold out of barrel, and was regularly adulterated.
- Made by 1 distiller, at a single distillery.
- Produced within 1 season.
- Bottled at precisely 100 proof (50% abv).
- Matured for at least 4 years in wood barrel at a US
bonded warehouse. - won’t contain sugars, colorings or flavorings (cant? –
check)
Old Fitzgerald (wheated), Kentucky Whiskey (Heaven Hill dist.)
Jack Daniels (BIB range)
Bourbon Whiskey Requirements (3)?
Aging req. to be labelled as ‘Kentucky’?
Min. 51% maize plus rye, wheat or malted barley (typically 3 of 4).
Distilled in a continuous still
Matured in charred new oak casks for a minimum 4 years. (190-200L?)
To use the term Kentucky, it must be distilled and matured in Kentucky for a minimum of 1 of these 4 years.
American Rye Whiskey Req (3)
Distilled mainly from a wash containing a minimum of 51% rye.
Continuous still
Aged for a minimum of 2 years in new charred oak barrels. (190-200L?)
America’s oldest continuous working whiskey distillery?
5 additional labels under contract?
Buffalo Trace, 1805, Frankfort, Kentucky. Had a special medicinal dispensation over Prohibition. In addition to their own label Buffalo Trace they also distill & age under contract:
- Blantons
- Eagle Rare
- Old Rip Van Winkle (since 2002, prev. Stitzel-Weller
distillery [dead] stock from 1972. Wheated) - Weller (wheated bourbon, fmr. Stitzel-Weller
distillery also) - George T. Stagg
Which American Spirit mandates sour mash in production?
Tennessee Whiskey
What is The Lincoln County Process and which state/designation does it refer too?
What is a synonym?
1 producer exemption?
Refers to filtering (or steeping in) the new-made spirit through layers of maple charcoal before barrel aging by law for Tennessee Whiskey.
‘Mellowing’
Ironically the only producer exemption is craft distillery Benjamin Prichard – the only remaining distillery in Lincoln County as redistricting placed Jack Daniels distillery in neighbouring Moore County.
Other distilleries also adopt this process such as Kentucky Bourbon Jim Beam.
What is Sour Mash Whisky?
Which style req this?
1 producer?
Sour mash is made by using some of the spent mash from one fermentation to start the next. This will continue the flavour and style.
Tennessee by law must be sour mash.
Makers Mark (Kentucky) is an example of a sour mash whiskey. It is also a “Wheated” mash bill with Corn, Wheat & Barley but no Rye.
Corn Whiskey Req?
80% maize (corn) mash.
Tennessee Whiskey req? (5)
- Must be made in the State of Tennessee
- Sour mash whiskey
- min. 51% corn
- The Lincoln County Process
- matured in new charred oak
Interestingly there is no still specified and no min. aging req although the law states in must be in new oak… a min. of 4 years is common
Name 5 Mexican Spirits made from Succulents?
Tequila DO
Mezcal DO
Bacanora DO (Agave Pacifica)
Raicilla (Jalisco state. Lechuguilla & Puta de mula agave only)
Sotol DO (wild sotol plants aka. Desert spoon)
Define Succulents?
Succulents are plants that are more than normally thickened and fleshy, usually to retain water in arid climates or soil conditions.
Derived from the Latin term sucus meaning juice or sap. The leaves are long and sharp, and their sap is poisonous.
Common misnomer that Agave are related to cacti or aloe. Agave is a kind of succulent. The key difference between the two is that CACTI DO NOT HAVE LEAVES, whereas Agaves have large leaves that have spiny tips.
Mexican Spirit derived from sugarcane?
Charanda DO (similar to rum)
2 synonyms for Blue Agave?
Biggest state of production for Tequila DO?
maguey azul or blue maguey.
Jalisco @ 80% is the biggest of the 5 states.
5 of the 7 Noble Agave species for Mezcal DO production?
Espadín ‘espa-dean’: 7-8 years to mature. Has a high sugar concentration and generally yields larger volumes of spirit than other agave species. 80-90% of all production.
Mexicano: makes full-bodied mezcals, fruity and smoky. Smooth was a touch of anise.
Tepeztate ‘tepez-tatay’: Can take up to 35 years to reach maturity. Very low yields – a third of Espadín; it is however the most aromatic of all mezcals with rich, earthy aromas and notes of ripe tropical fruit – spends so much time in the ground extracting flavours..
Cenizo ‘sen-ezo’: can take on aromas from the huizache [sweet acacia] and mesquite trees that are so abundant where it’s grown,” says Durango-based maestro mezcalero Pablo Díaz. “It has a sweet flavour with hints of burnt caramel”. Mesquite is prized in BBQ for its earthy, Smokey sweetness. ‘Cenizo’ means ash because of the colour.
Tobalá: Low yielding – one of the smallest agave species. Often 12-17 years to mature. Tropical fruit and spice.
Who is credited with the creation of Bourbon?
definition of creation?
distillery?
mash bill?
Reverend Elijah Craig is credited with the creation of Bourbon in 1789 as he was the first to age his corn whiskey in CHARRED oak barrels.
Elijah Craig
Heaven Hill distillery, Kentucky (Largest in the US).
Elijah Craig Small Batch Bourbon has a very traditional bourbon mash bill of 78 percent corn (high), 10 percent rye and 12 percent malted barley
Which 3 states are permitted to produce both Tequila and Mezcal?
- Michoacán ‘mitch-o-a-kan’
- Guanajuato ‘guana-wato’
- Tamaulipas – political addition later. More inland and
not contiguous on the west coast like the others Tequila
states “tamal-lipas”.
2 Oldest (operating) distillery’s in the world?
1575 — Lucas Bols Distillery, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Started making liquors with cumin, cardamom, and orange.
1608 — Old Bushmills Distillery, Northern Ireland. Worlds oldest Whiskey distillery. Company itself wasn’t founded until 1784.
What temperature does alcohol evaporate (boil) at?
78.37 degrees Celsius / 173 degrees Fahrenheit
Breckenridge, Colorado @ 2,926m – alcohol evaporates at 71.22
2 distillery’s from the Island of Arran?
- House of Arran
- Lagg distillery (production started in
2019) – owned by Arran?
3 distillery’s from Campbeltown?
- Glengyle (purchased by Springbank 2004, fmr. closed
for 80years) - Glen Scotia (Haunted - peated & unpeated)
- Springbank
Its single malts are often described as maritime. For some, that means the saltiness of the taste; for others, it indicates the oiliness of the texture.
What divides the Lowlands from the Highlands?
What is the traditional Lowlands style?
4 distillery’s from the Lowlands?
Clyde Estuary and runs West to East to the River Tay (longest in Scotland).
Production wise this is home to blended whiskys and large quantitys of grain whisky which form its foundation. Notably Cameronbridge (Diageo), the largest grain distillery in Europe - for Vodka also.
Triple pot still distillation. Lighter & softer. ‘Lowland ladies’. [on the RAG]
- Auchentoshan
- Glenkinchie
- Rosebank (reopened in 2024)
2 distillery’s from the Isle of Orkney/Orkney Islands archipelago?
Water source?
Peat Difference?
(the only 2?)
Both the main island namely called ‘mainland’
- Highland Park (Scotland’s most
northern distillery) - Scapa
Cattie Maggie’s spring (hard water).
Orkney peat is primarily decomposed heather. There is less moss in it and no woody remnants, so the resulting peat reek is lighter and sweeter with more dried floral elements and less of the pronounced medicinal and phenolic aromas than those found in Islay or the other western islands.
The whisky’s tend to have a whisper of Orkney’s salty sea spray in the aromatic peat smoke.
9 Distillery’s of Islay?
What is the name of the local Maltser?
Most important Island.
Ardnahoe
Ardbeg
Bunnahabhain
Bowmore
Bruichladdich (unpeated) - Guigal barrels / Octomore
Caol Ila
Kilchoman
Laphroaig
Lagavulin
Port Ellen Malting
Name 7 of Scotland’s Whisky Islands North to South?
Orkney
Lewis - Abhainn Dearg (also known as Red River)
Skye - Talisker
Mull - Tobermory
Jura
Islay - excluded?
Arran (more delicate)
Only distillery on the Isle of Lewis?
Abhainn Dearg (also known as Red River)
Only distillery on the Isle of Mull?
2 labels?
Tobermory; Do both a unpeated (Tobermory) AND a heavily peated style Ledaig - the original name of the distillery.
4 Distillery’s of Speyside?
Glenfiddich
1886, Dufftown. Biggest single malt brand in the world & the largest ‘whisky’ distillery in Scotland. Owned by Diageo.
Braeval
fmr. ‘Braes of Glenlivet’ untill 1994. At 354m elevation is the highest distillery in Scotland. Pernod Ricard.
The Balvenie
Dufftown. Only distillery in Scotland that still grows its own barley. In addition traditional floor malting and a coppersmith and cooperage team on-site.
Glenrothes
Known for their vintage releases as opposed to age statements. ‘More about maturity rather than age’. Very small cuts of the heart, approx.. 17%
[2 G’s and 2 B’s]
Scotland’s Oldest Distillery?
Glenturret
Scotland’s Oldest Working Distillery dating to 1763, although records indicate bootleg whisky since 1717.
Originally called Thurot, then Hosh, and finally Glenturret in 1875.
Lalique group bought the distillery in 2019. Their fine-dining restaurant ‘Lalique Restaurant’ has two Michelin stars.
- The distillery uses traditional handmade distilling processes and has the only remaining hand operated mash tun in Scotland.
What is peat?
What is its measurement unit?
Peat is the decomposed remains of grasses, moss, sedges, and reeds that have been compressed over centuries in the oxygen-starved, waterlogged conditions of bogs in the colder climates. Essentially the mixture of soil and decomposed vegetal matter; therefore, the composition, varies depending on where in Scotland it is sourced from. It is burnt as fuel for the kilning of malt.
Phenolic parts per million (PPM) is a unit used to measure the amount of phenols in peat smoke-dried malt, which is used to make peated whiskies. The PPM value is usually measured for the malted barley, not the final whisky, because the production process and variation can significantly reduce the final PPM. For example, it’s estimated that only about a third of the original phenol content in the malt is present in the finished whisky.
* Lightly peated: 1–10 PPM
* Medium peated: 10–30 PPM
* Heavily peated: 30–50 PPM
* Laphroaig: 55 PPM on average
* Octomore 14.3 is 214.2 PPM
O
M
G
Yamada Nishiki
- Omachi: Earthy & less fragrant
- Miyama-nishiki: more rice-like flavour and sweet
- Gohyakuman-goku: smooth, clean & fragrant
- Yamada-Nishiki: #1
In Order:
Feints
Foreshots
Germination
Grist
Hearts
Still (2)
Malt
Mash
Maturation & Angels Share
Wash
Wort
Germination
Malt
Grist - ground down malt (‘GRinded)
Mash - grist & water
Wort - liquid after the mash tun process (O = Tun process)
Wash - fermented wort (Beer)
Still (2: wash still & spirit still)
Foreshots - heads
Hearts - 65-70% abv
Feints - tails
Maturation & Angels Share. Oak is 60-80% of flavor..
Courvoisier
3 top bottlings?
‘Erte’ : Artist range
L’Essence
L’Esprit de Josephine : Named after Napoleon’s wife. 16 produced.
Martell Coganc
4 labels?
- Cordon Bleu
- Chanteloup
- Cordon Argent
- L’Or de Jean Assemblage du Tigre
Only Cognac house with a British Royal Warrant?
Top bottling?
Hine
Currently run by the 6th generation.
Talent de Thomas
Also Sir Winston Churchills favourite Cognac.
Only ‘Chateau’ named Coganc producer?
2 top bottlings?
‘Frapin Chateau de Fontpinot’.
240ha ‘Fontpinot’ single vineyard family estate (no bought fruit) in the heart of Grande Champagne.
‘Fontpinot’ is a single vineyard Cognac monopole (and bottles it so) that has its own AOC and thus is the only Cognac producer entitled to affix the name ‘Chateau’ to its label
Age their wines in the attic and thus mature faster.
Top cuvees:
* Cuvee 1888
* Cuvee Rabelais
Cognac AOC / Eau-de-vie des Charentes AOC Labelling Terms:
Fine Champagne?
Subzone?
Fine?
Premier Cru?
Vintage refers to what?
Fine Champagne: min. 50% eau-de-vie sourced from Grande Champagne, with the remainder sourced from Petite Champagne
Subzone: 100% of the eau-de-vie must originate in the stated subzone
Fine: May be applied to either Grande Champagne or Petite Champagne (Grande Fine Champagne and Petite Fine Champagne), but it does not provide any additional information
Premier Cru: can only be used on the label if the Cognac is made from grapes exclusively grown in the Grande Champagne Cru
Vintage: Outlawed in 1963 and 1973 in the UK but were reinstated in 1989 although are still rare. If a Cognac carries a vintage date, the vintage indicates year of HARVEST, not year of distillation.
Cognac AOC / Eau-de-vie des Charentes AOC
XO / Hors d’âge / Ancestral?
XXO?
10 years
14 years
Limousin or Troncais Oak
Cognac AOC / Eau-de-vie des Charentes AOC
Napoléon / Très Vieille Réserve / Très Vieux / Héritage / Très Rare / ‘Excellence / ‘Suprême?
6 years
Limousin or Troncais Oak
Cognac AOC / Eau-de-vie des Charentes AOC
Vieille Réserve / Réserve Rare / Réserve Royale?
5 years
Limousin or Troncais Oak
Cognac AOC / Eau-de-vie des Charentes AOC
V.S.O.P. / ‘Réserve / Vieux / Rare / Royal?
4 years (in practice much older)
Limousin or Troncais Oak
