Vitamins part 1: summary & fat soluble

Question 1

function of vitamin a

Answer 1

• photochemical vision

- conjunctival membrane/ cornea

Question 2

vitamin a deficiency

Answer 2

• night blindness
• xerophthalmia
• immune deficiency: supplementation decreases child mortality 23-34%
• infants/ child with measles: reduced mortality/ morbidity

Question 3

vitamin a toxicity

Answer 3

Bone:

• pain: periosteal prolif
• mineral loss

-vomiting, increased ICP, headache, liver damage, birth defects

Question 4

sources of vitamin a

Answer 4

preformed:
-liver, dairy, eggs, fish oil

Precursor: Carotenoids
-deep yellow, orange, green vegetables

Question 5

vitamin a test

Answer 5

serum retinol

Question 6

vitamin D function

Answer 6

• hormone that maintains intracellular and extracellular Ca levels
• intestinal absorption Ca and P
• Innate immunity
• Cell growth/ differentiation

Question 7

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 7

• Rickets: inadequate maturation of cartilage and calcification
• rachitic rosary on ribs
• bowed legs
• widened metaphyses
• painful bones/ fractures

Question 8

vitamin D toxicity

Answer 8

> 10,000 X for weeks

• hypercalcemia
• vomiting, seizures
• nephrocalcinosis, soft tissue calcifinication

Question 9

Vitamin D source

Answer 9

Preformed:

• eggs, fish oil, fortified milk/ formula
• D2 from plants

Precursor:
-in skin: converted to vit D3 by UV light

Question 10

types of vitamin D

Answer 10

D3 activity&raquo_space; preformed D2

Question 11

absorption of vitamin D

Answer 11

Chylomicrons:  
vitamin D2 or D3
-->
Liver:
25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol
-->
Kidney:
calcitrol (active)

Question 12

vitamin D blood test

Answer 12

serum 25(OH)

Question 13

classic triad late vitamin D deficiency

Answer 13

decreased serum Ca and P

Increased alk phos

Question 14

vitamin E functions

Answer 14

• antioxidant
• free radical scavenger
• cell membrane stabalizer

Question 15

vitamin e source

Answer 15

polyunsaturated veg. oils

wheat germ

Question 16

vitamin e deficiency

Answer 16

neurologic degeneration
loss of DTRs
Hemolytic Anemia

Question 17

vitamin e toxicity

Answer 17

low toxicity

coagulopathy because very high doses inhibit vitamin k dependent factors

Question 18

vitamin e recommendations

Answer 18

supplement 400 IU D3 to all breastfed infants until 500ml/day infant formula or milk

Question 19

vitamin k function

Answer 19

• essential for coagulation proteins

- factors: II, VII, IX, X

Question 20

vitamin K source

Answer 20

leafy veg.
fruits
seeds
synthesized by gut bacteria

Question 21

vitamin k deficiency

Answer 21

• hemorrhagic disease of newborn
• increased coag time
• bleeding into skin, GI tract, CNS

Question 22

vitamin K recommendations

Answer 22

all newborns receive single iM dose 0.5-1 mg

Question 23

breastfed infants are at risk of what fat soluble vitamin deficiencies?

Answer 23

vitamin D

vitamin K

Question 24

people who use chronic antibiotics are at risk of what fat soluble vitamin deficiency?

Answer 24

vitamin K

Question 25

people with chronic granulomatous diseases are at risk of what?

Answer 25

vitamin D hypervitaminosis

Question 26

summary findings thiamin deficiency

Answer 26

neuro symptoms | Other: CHF (wet)

Question 27

summary findings riboflavin deficiency

Answer 27

mouth lesions | other: conjunctiva

Question 28

summary findings niacin

Answer 28

rash/skin findings neuro symptoms Other: diarrhea

Question 29

summary findings folate deficiency

Answer 29

mouth lesions | anemia

Question 30

summary findings b12

Answer 30

mouth lesions neuro symptoms anemia

Question 31

summary findings b6

Answer 31

mouth lesions neuro symptoms anemia

Question 32

summary findings vitamin c

Answer 32

``` rash/ skin findings mouth lesions neuro symptoms anemia other: joint pain ```

Question 33

summary findings vitamin a

Answer 33

rash/ skin findings | other: eye/ blindness

Question 34

summary findings vitamin d

Answer 34

other: rickets

Question 35

summary findings vitamin e

Answer 35

neuro symptoms | anemia

Question 36

summary findings vitamin K

Answer 36

rash/ skin findings | anemia

Question 37

4 fat soluble vitamins

Answer 37

A D E K

Question 38

water soluble vitamins: | non B complex

Answer 38

ascorbic acid/ vitamin C

Question 39

water soluble vitamins: B complex Energy metabolism

Answer 39

thiamin b1 niacin b3 riboflavin b2

Question 40

water soluble vitamins b complex hematopoietic

Answer 40

folic acid | cobalamin b12

Question 41

water soluble vitamins b complex other

Answer 41

Pyridoxine b6