Vitamins part 1: summary & fat soluble Flashcards
function of vitamin a
- photochemical vision
- conjunctival membrane/ cornea
vitamin a deficiency
- night blindness
- xerophthalmia
- immune deficiency: supplementation decreases child mortality 23-34%
- infants/ child with measles: reduced mortality/ morbidity
vitamin a toxicity
Bone:
- pain: periosteal prolif
- mineral loss
-vomiting, increased ICP, headache, liver damage, birth defects
sources of vitamin a
preformed:
-liver, dairy, eggs, fish oil
Precursor: Carotenoids
-deep yellow, orange, green vegetables
vitamin a test
serum retinol
vitamin D function
- hormone that maintains intracellular and extracellular Ca levels
- intestinal absorption Ca and P
- Innate immunity
- Cell growth/ differentiation
Vitamin D deficiency
- Rickets: inadequate maturation of cartilage and calcification
- rachitic rosary on ribs
- bowed legs
- widened metaphyses
- painful bones/ fractures
vitamin D toxicity
> 10,000 X for weeks
- hypercalcemia
- vomiting, seizures
- nephrocalcinosis, soft tissue calcifinication
Vitamin D source
Preformed:
- eggs, fish oil, fortified milk/ formula
- D2 from plants
Precursor:
-in skin: converted to vit D3 by UV light
types of vitamin D
D3 activity»_space; preformed D2
absorption of vitamin D
Chylomicrons: vitamin D2 or D3 --> Liver: 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol --> Kidney: calcitrol (active)
vitamin D blood test
serum 25(OH)
classic triad late vitamin D deficiency
decreased serum Ca and P
Increased alk phos
vitamin E functions
- antioxidant
- free radical scavenger
- cell membrane stabalizer
vitamin e source
polyunsaturated veg. oils
wheat germ
vitamin e deficiency
neurologic degeneration
loss of DTRs
Hemolytic Anemia
vitamin e toxicity
low toxicity
coagulopathy because very high doses inhibit vitamin k dependent factors
vitamin e recommendations
supplement 400 IU D3 to all breastfed infants until 500ml/day infant formula or milk
vitamin k function
- essential for coagulation proteins
- factors: II, VII, IX, X
vitamin K source
leafy veg.
fruits
seeds
synthesized by gut bacteria
vitamin k deficiency
- hemorrhagic disease of newborn
- increased coag time
- bleeding into skin, GI tract, CNS
vitamin K recommendations
all newborns receive single iM dose 0.5-1 mg
breastfed infants are at risk of what fat soluble vitamin deficiencies?
vitamin D
vitamin K
people who use chronic antibiotics are at risk of what fat soluble vitamin deficiency?
vitamin K
people with chronic granulomatous diseases are at risk of what?
vitamin D hypervitaminosis
summary findings thiamin deficiency
neuro symptoms
Other: CHF (wet)
summary findings riboflavin deficiency
mouth lesions
other: conjunctiva
summary findings niacin
rash/skin findings
neuro symptoms
Other: diarrhea
summary findings folate deficiency
mouth lesions
anemia
summary findings b12
mouth lesions
neuro symptoms
anemia
summary findings b6
mouth lesions
neuro symptoms
anemia
summary findings vitamin c
rash/ skin findings mouth lesions neuro symptoms anemia other: joint pain
summary findings vitamin a
rash/ skin findings
other: eye/ blindness
summary findings vitamin d
other: rickets
summary findings vitamin e
neuro symptoms
anemia
summary findings vitamin K
rash/ skin findings
anemia
4 fat soluble vitamins
A
D
E
K
water soluble vitamins:
non B complex
ascorbic acid/ vitamin C
water soluble vitamins:
B complex
Energy metabolism
thiamin b1
niacin b3
riboflavin b2
water soluble vitamins
b complex
hematopoietic
folic acid
cobalamin b12
water soluble vitamins
b complex
other
Pyridoxine b6
