vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, and obesity Flashcards
what are vitamins required for
-required for normal body metabolism, growth, and development
-required for formation of RBCs, nerve cells, hormones, genetic material, bone, and other tissues
which vitamin is good for wound healing, tissue repair, and infection prevention
C
which vitamin is good fo energy, metabolism, and production of RBCs
B
describe and anme some water soluble vitamins
water solubke vitamins are not stored in the body and are rapidle eliminated
B complex, and C
describe fat soluble vitamins and give examples
stored in the body when taken in excess, absorbed from the intestine with dietary fat
A, D, E, K
minerals and electrolytes are essential constituents of…
bone, teeth, cell membranes, connective tissues, many essential enzymes
what do minerals and electrolytes do
-maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
-maintain osmotic pressure, nerve and muscle function, assist in diffusion
-influence groth process
name some minerals and electrolytes
calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium
normal sodium value
135-145
normal potassium value
3.5-5
normal chloride value
95-105
what is recommended daily allowance (RDA)
how much is needed to meet the needs of a healthy person
what is the best form of supplementation
changes in diet
what are some situations in which you would be careful with replacement
-renal failure (careful with postassiuma nd phosphorus)
-hepatic failure (may need special supplements)
-vitamin K (used to reverse warfarin and works on clotting enzymes in liver)
describe obesity
-considered major public health problem
-high rates of morbity and mortality
-ombes: BMI >30
-substantially increases risks for development of numerous health problems
what are some physiologic factors that may lead to obesity
intake > expenditure
eating more calories, excerising less
-genetic factors
-environmental factors
-psychosocial factors
give and example of an adrenergic anorexiant
phentermine
what are adrenergic anorexiants used for
appetite supression
describe the action of adrenergic anorexiants
-stimulation of the satiety center in the hypothalamic and limbic region
-slows reuptake of serotinin and norepinephrine
name some adverse effects of adrenergic anorexiants
-nervousness
-hyperactivity
-dry mouth
-constipation
-hypertension
what are some patient teachings for adrenergic anorexiants
-meant for short term use (3 months or less)
-meant to be used in combination with diet and exercise
give and example of lipase inhibitors
orlistat
what do lipase inhibitors do
decreased fat absorption, decreased caloric intake
describe the action of lipase inhibitors
-binds to gastric and pancreatic
-prevent the absorption of 30% of ingested fat
what are some adverse effects of lipase inhibitors
-abdominal pain
-oily spotting
-fecal urgency and incontinence
-flatulance with discharge
-fatty stools
-increased defacation
what are some nursing interventions for obesity
-calculate BMI
-measure waist circumference
-assess for complications from obesity
-assess labs
-review drugs that may cause weight gain
-assess physical activity
-reliable source of information
describe patient teaching for obesity
-keep a food diary for 2-3 days
-keep an activity diary
-formulate realistic goals
-any exercise can be beneficial
-measure waist circumference
-support groups
