review of GI structure and function Flashcards
list some GI structures
-mouth
-esophagus
-stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine
-rectum
-salivary glands
-liver
-gallbladder
-pancreas
what is the transition point between small and large intestine
cecum
name the three parts of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
where does most absorption and digestion occur
small intestine
what do salivary glands do
secrete digestive enzymes that work as lubricant
what does the liver do
-produces bile that is stored in gallbladder
-bile is important for digestion
-sorts nutrients and decides whether to store or use them
what does the pancreas do
-excrete some digestive enzymes and also some sodium bicarb
-helps regulate blood glucose
what does sodium bicarb do
helps regulate stomach acid pH
name some GI functions
-secretion
-absorption
-digestion
-motility
name the four layers of GI tract
-mucosal
-submucosal
-muscularis
-serosa
describe the mucosal layer
-inner layer
-has goblet cells which secrete mucus which keeps stomach acid away from outer layers
what are the middle layers of the GI tract and what do they do
submucosal and muscularis
-support shape of intestines and GI tract
-contract and squeeze
describe serosa
-outer layer
-layer of mucus which prevents friction and damage when the GI tract moves and shit
name two central reflexes of GI
swallowing and vomiting
describe swallowing
super complex and involves like 25 muscles
what is the purpose of vomiting
purpose is to protect bdy from unwanted irritants
what are the two areas of the brain that trigger vomiting
-emetic zone
-chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
describe the emetic zone
-produces projectile vomiting
-stimulated more in kids and in brain damage
describe CTZ
stimulated by tons of shit including:
-irritants to back of throat
-vestibular stimulation
-pregnancy
-intense pain
-strong chemicals
-cellular death
the nurse knows that colostomy should produce formed stool because…
its location at the end of the GI tract
the colon or large intestine is at the end of GI tract, water and nutrients have been absorbed so stool should be formed
