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Pharm 1 > drug therapy for nasal congestion and cough > Flashcards

drug therapy for nasal congestion and cough Flashcards

1
Q

what are some defense mechanisms used to prevent virses and bacteria from enetering respiratory tract

A

nasal hairs, mucous, cilia, cough and sneeze reflexes

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2
Q

describe the common cold

A

-usually effects the upper respiratory tract (mouth/nose/pharynx/larynx/trachea)
-viral infection (antibiotic isnt going to help)
-2-4 occurences a year typical in adults
-up to 10 occurences a year for schoolchildren
-viruses invade via mucous membranes
-can survive hours on skin, hard surfaces

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3
Q

describe sinusitis

A

-affects upper respiratory tract
-inflammation of paranasal sinuses
-fluid and microbe movement via cilia impeded bc of nasal swelling
-impairment of movement results in infection

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4
Q

what is the most common cause of sinusitis

A

rhinitis (runny nose)

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5
Q

true or false?

the common cold id caused by many types of bacteria

A

false

the common cold is caused by many types of viruses

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6
Q

what are some common upper respiratory disorder signs and symptoms

A

-nasal congestion
-cough (productive or nonproductive)
-increased secretions

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7
Q

describe nasal congestion

A

happens when nasal passages become blocked and swollen from inflamed blood vessels

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8
Q

describe cough

A

-protective reflex in response to inflammation or irritation
-can be productive (get shit out) or nonproductive (not getting shit out, dry)

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9
Q

describe increased secretions

A

-can run down throat into bronchi
-can result from cold, sinusitis, irritation, or surgery

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10
Q

name some nasal decongestants

A

-pseudophedrine (oral)
-oxymetazoline (nasal spray with less systemic effects)
-phenylephrine

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11
Q

describe the action of nasal decongestants

A

-relieve nasal obstruction and discharge by producing vasoconctriction
-stimulates SNS

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12
Q

when are nasal decongestants contraindicated?

A

-severe HTN
-CAD
-narrow angle glaucoma
-antidepressants

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13
Q

when should nasal decongestants be used with caution?

A

in cardiac dysrhythmias, hyperthyroidism, DM, postratic hypertrophy, glaucoma

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14
Q

what are some nursing considerations r/t nasal decongestants

A

-may take with or without food
-monitor for cardiacside effects
-do not crush extended release tabs

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15
Q

describe pt teaching with nasal decongestants

A

-encourage adequate fluid intake (thins secretions)
-humidification
-do not take longer tan package recommended
-avoid caffeine
-avoid accidental OD
-avoid in HTN
-proper use of nasal spray

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16
Q

true or false?

sympathomimetic drugs and used to relieve nasal obstruction and discharge

A

true

sympathomimetic drugs are used to relieve nasal obstruction and discharge. they relieve nasal congestion and swelling by mimicking the effects of SNS (whcih reduces blood flow to nasal mucosa)

17
Q

name some antitussives

A

-dextromethorphan
-benzonatate
-codeine

18
Q

what are some uses of antitussives

A

suppress dry, hacking, nonproductive cough

19
Q

what are some centrally acting antitussives

A

narcotics and nonnarcotics

these are taken orally and act on whole body

20
Q

what are some locally acting antitussives

A

throat lozenges, cough drops

21
Q

describe administration of lquid or locally acting antitussives

A

NPO for 30mins after

22
Q

what are some drug-drug interactions associated with antitussives

A

many antidepressants

23
Q

describe patient teaching with antitussives

A

-encourage adequate lfuid intake
-humidification
-do not take longer than 1 week
-avoid accidental OD

24
Q

gice an example of expectorants

A

guaifenesin

25
Q

describe the use of expectorants

A

liquify respiratory secretions, allowing for easier removal, use in productive cough

26
Q

what are some nursing implications r/t expectorants

A

-do not crush or chew extended release tabs
-no major side effects
-only contraindications is allergy to med

27
Q

describe pt teaching with expectorants

A

-encourage adequate fluid intake
-humidification
-do not take longer than 1 week (without seeing MD)
-avoid accidental OD
-encourage coughing and deep breathing

28
Q

give an example of mucolytics

A

acetylcysteine

29
Q

describe the action of mucolytics

A

liquefy mucus in respiratory tract; administered by inhalation

30
Q

describe the use of mucolytics

A

clear airways in chronic lung disease such as cystic firbrosis or severe asthma

31
Q

what are some nursing considerations r/t mucolytics

A

-can be given via different routes depending on drug use (also used as antidote to acetaminophen OD)
-monitor airway clearance after admin
-have suction equipment available
-remove residue left from treatment from face with water (smells like shit)

32
Q

describe pt teaching for mucolytics

A

-encourage adequate fluid intake
-encourage coughing and deep breathing

33
Q

give some examples of OTC cold remedies

A

-vicks nyquil
-zinc, echinacea, vitamin C (may help if taken in first 24hrs)

34
Q

describe vicks nyquil

A

-many contain antihistamine, nasal decongestant, and analgesic
-some contain antitussives, expectorants, etc
-pseudoephedrine being replaced by phenylephrine

35
Q

a common mucolytic used to liquify mucus in respiratory tract is:

A) acetylcysteine
B) Ipratropium
C) desxtromethorphan
D) pseudoephedrine

A

A) acetylcysteine

key is the term liquify

36
Q

cold remedies listed as nondrowsy or labeled as daytime formulas do not contain:

A) a decongestant
B) a first generation antihistamine
C) a pain reliever
D) any of the above

A

B) a first generation antihistamine

major side effect of early antihistamines is drowsiness (think diphenhydramine/benadryl)

37
Q

a nurse is caring for a pt with nasal congestion who is using the OTC decongestant oxymetazoline. the nurse counsels the pt that this med should only be used for the time recommended on the package and no longer bc excessive use may cause…

A

rebound nasal congestion

Pharm 1 (29 decks)

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