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Pharm 1 > medication administration and the nursing process of drug therapy > Flashcards

medication administration and the nursing process of drug therapy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the legal responsibilities of the nurse when administering medication?

A
  • safe, accurate medication administration
  • recognizing and questioning erroneous orders
  • refusing to administer unsafe medications
  • delegating in compliance with the law
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2
Q

what can med errors result in?

A
  • serious illness
  • conditions that prolong hospitalization or require additional treatment
  • death
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3
Q

name 3 common med errors

A
  • given incorrect dose
  • not giving an ordered medication
  • giving an unordered medication
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4
Q

name some medications often associated with errors

A
  • insulin
  • heparin
  • warfarin
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5
Q

describe harm

A

impairment of the physical, emotional, or psychological function or structure of the body and/or pain resulting therefrom

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6
Q

describe monitoring

A

to observe or record relevant physiologic or psychological signs

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7
Q

describe intervention

A

may include change in therapy or active medical/surgical treatment

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8
Q

describe intervention necessary to sustain life

A

includes cardiovascular and respiratory support (e.g. CPR, defibrillation, intubation, etc)

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9
Q

name some systemic medication forms

A
  • oral, liquids
  • tablets, capsules
  • suppositories (rectum), transdermal (patch)
  • injections
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10
Q

what does PO stand for

A

by mouth

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11
Q

what does SL stand for

A

sublingual

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12
Q

what does SQ stand for

A

subcutaneous

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13
Q

what does IM stand for and what are some considerations to take

A
  • intramuscular
  • site can be determined by amount of muscle in area and volume of med
  • Z track (used for meds that can be irritating to the skin)
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14
Q

what does IV stand for

A

intravenous

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15
Q

when calculating medication dosages, ______ is of utmost importance

A

accuracy

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16
Q

calculating medication dosages involves…

A
  • mathematic abilities
  • knowledge of common units of measurement
  • knowing how to use data in performing calculations
17
Q

describe some general nondrug interventions

A
  • promoting health
  • preventing/decreasing need for drug therapy
  • using nondrug measures to enhance therapeutic effects or decrease adverse effects
  • patient teaching
  • individualizing care
  • observing patient responses
18
Q

describe drug therapy evaluation criteria

A
  • progress toward stated outcomes (relief of symptoms)
  • accurate administration
  • avoidance of preventable adverse effects
  • patient compliance
  • specific parameters measured to evaluate response to particular medications
19
Q

describe the nursing process to medication administration

A
  • assessment (history and physical exam)
  • nursing diagnosis
  • planning
  • implementation (proper drug administration, comfort measures, patient/family education)
  • evaluation
20
Q

what are the six “rights” of med administration

A

right…

  • med
  • documentation
  • route
  • time
  • client
  • dosage
21
Q

describe evidence based nursing practice

A
  • requires a conscientious and continuing effort to provide high quality care to patients
  • obtaining and analyzing best scientific evidence from research
  • scientific evidence is integrated with the nurse’s clinical expertise and the patient’s preferences and values to yield best practice
22
Q

names some herbal/dietary supplement concerns

A
  • questionable safety due to unknown effect on humans
  • use of supplements may keep the patient from seeking medical care
  • supplements may interact with prescription meds to decrease therapeutic effect or increase adverse effect
  • use of supplements not communicated to healthcare provider
23
Q

describe the purpose of phase 1 of clinical trials

A
  • to evaluate safety, identify side effects, determine a safe dose range, and learn how the agent is absorbed and handled by the body
  • determine answer to three questions:
  • is the treatment safe?*
  • are there any side effects?*
  • does the treatment work better than current treatment?*
24
Q

describe the number of participants/characteristics of phase 1 of clinical trials

A
  • small number (20-80) of participants, usually healthy volunteers, in some cases patients with advanced diseases (e.g. cancer)
  • divided into small groups called cohorts
25
Q

what is the goal of phase 1 of clinical trials

A

find the most effective dose for future testing

26
Q

what is a special feature of phase one of clinical trials

A

often first time tested in humans

27
Q

describe the purpose of phase 2 of clinical trials

A
  • to further evaluate safety and to determine if the agent has the intended effect in humans
  • -to answer the following questions:
  • how well does the new treatment work?*
  • how does the treatment effect larger groups?*
  • how much should be given to be most effective?*
  • what types of diseases the treatment can treat?*
28
Q

describe the number of participants/characteristics of phase 2 of clinical trials

A
  • larger number (50-300) of patients with the condition under study
  • split up into phases 2a and 2b
  • 2a is usually used to study the best and most effective dose
  • 2b is usually used to study how well the treatment works at the prescribed doses
29
Q

describe the goal of phase 2 of clinical trials

A

determine how if it is as or more effective than current treattments

30
Q

name a special feature of phase 2 of clinical trials

A

sometimes randomized controlled trials

31
Q

describe the purpose of phase 3 of clinical trials

A
  • to confirm or further evaluate an agents effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare it to commonly used treatments, and collect other information that will be used to determine whether the agent should be approved and marketed
  • compare new treatments with best current available treatment
32
Q

describe the number of participants/characteristics of phase 3 of clinical trials

A

larger still (300-thousands) of people with the condition under study

33
Q

describe the goal of phase 3 of clinical trials

A

determine how new treatment measures up against the effectiveness of current treatments

34
Q

name a special feature of phase 3 of clinical trials

A

usually randomized, controlled trials

35
Q

describe the purpose of phase 4 (postmarketing study) of clinical trials

A
  • to collect additional information after an agent is approved and marketed regarding its risks, benefits, and use in various populations over a long period of time
  • to collect additional info after a drug is approved and marketed
36
Q

describe the number of participants/characteristics of phase 4 (postmaketing study) of clinical trials

A

various

37
Q

describe the goal of phase 4 (postmarketing study) of clinical trials

A

determine risk/benefits and use in various populations over a long period of time

Pharm 1 (29 decks)

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