drug therapy for nausea and vomiting

Question 1

vomiting is a ____ reflex

Answer 1

central

Question 2

where is the vomiting center located

Answer 2

medulla

Question 3

the CTZ can be triggered by…

Answer 3

-emetogenic drugs
-anticipatory
-motion sickness

Question 4

give and example of phenothiazines

Answer 4

promethazine

Question 5

what are phenothiazines used for

Answer 5

-prevent and treat nausea
-changes responsiveness of CTZ
-IV, IM, PO, suppository

Question 6

what are some contraindications of phenothiazines

Answer 6

-black box warning to avoid in children under 2
-black box warning to avoid giving SQ bc it is really tough on tissue
-CNS depression
-liver failure with long term use

Question 7

what are some adverse effects of phenothiazines

Answer 7

-severe drowsiness, dizziness
-dry mouth, urinary retention

Question 8

what are some nursing implications for phenothiazines

Answer 8

-avoid giving with other CNS depressants
-IV administration can cause tissue injury

Question 9

describe pateint teaching for phenothiazines

Answer 9

-take lowest dose possible
-do not take with other CNS depressants
-works best as preventative
-do not drive while taking this med
-lying down may hep nausea

Question 10

give and example of antihistamines

Answer 10

hydroxyzine

Question 11

describe the use of antihistamines

Answer 11

-relieve nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness
-block action of histamine of CTZ
-PO, IV, IM

Question 12

what are some adverse effects of antihistamines

Answer 12

-drowsiness, dizziness
-dry mouth, urinary retention

Question 13

what are some nursing considerations for antihistamines

Answer 13

-avoid giving with other CNS depressants
-IV admin can cause tissue injury
-not all histamines work as antiemetics

Question 14

describe patient teaching for antihistamines

Answer 14

-take lowest dose possible
-do not take with other CNS depressants
-works best as a preventative
-do not drive while taking this med
-lying down may help nausea

Question 15

give an example of 5-HT3 receptor blockers

Answer 15

ondansetron

Question 16

what are 5-HT3 receptor blockers used for

Answer 16

-prevent nausea and vomiting (chemo, radiation, post op)
-block receptors in CTZ
-PO, IV

Question 17

what are some adverse effects of 5-HT3 receptor blockers

Answer 17

-diarrhea
-headache
-prolonged QT interval

Question 18

describe patient teaching for 5-HT3 receptor blockers

Answer 18

-take lowest dose possible
-works best as a preventative
-do not drive while taking this med
-lying down may help nausea

Question 19

give and example of substance P/neurokinin 1 antagonists

Answer 19

aprepitant

Question 20

what are substance P/neurokinin 1 antagonists used for

Answer 20

-used in combo with 5-HT3 receptor anatgonist and corticosteroid
-treat delayed nausea and vomiting
-works in CNS to block N/V receptors
-IV, PO
-given with chemotherapy

Question 21

what are some adverse effects of substance P/neurokinin 1 antagonists

Answer 21

-fatigue
-weakness
-heart arrhythmias

Question 22

what are some nursing considerations for substance P/neurokinin 1 antagonists

Answer 22

-take 1hr pre chemo
-take to prevent nausea
-may need rescue antiemetic

Question 23

describe patient teaching for substance P/neurokinin 1 antagonists

Answer 23

-works best as a preventative
-do not drive while taking this med
-lying down may help with nausea

Question 24

what does metoclopramide do

Answer 24

increases bowel motility

Question 25

what does dronabinol do

Answer 25

contains cannabis, used for N/V in chemo

Question 26

what does scopolamine do

Answer 26

prevents N/V in motion sickness

Question 27

name some OTC antiemetics

Answer 27

antacids, diphenhydramine, peppermint, ginger

Question 28

what does acupuncture do

Answer 28

treats and prevents N/V

Question 29

true or false

all antihistamines can be used as antiemetics

Answer 29

false

not all antihistamines affect the CTZ in the brain