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1. CC2 PRELIM > VItamins and Minerals > Flashcards

VItamins and Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Macronutrients

A

Carbohydrates (gluose)
Lipids (TAG)
Proteins (Amino acids)

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2
Q

Micronutrients

A

Vitamins (Organic)
-Water soluble
-Fat soluble
Minerals (inorganic)
-Macrominerals (electrolytes)
-Microminerals (trace elements)

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3
Q

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Function:
Deficiency:

A

Coenzymes
Involve in glycolysis and Kreb cycle

Beri-beri (Cardiomyopathy and edema., Muscle paralysis

Beri beri is also found in alcoholism

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (ataxia and visual problems and amnesia)

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4
Q

What vitamin deficiency?
Beri-beri (Cardiomyopathy and edema., Muscle paralysis
also found in alcoholism

A

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

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5
Q

What vitamin deficiency?
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (ataxia and visual problems and amnesia)

A

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

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6
Q

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
Function:
Deficiency:

A

Coenzymes
Involve in glycolysis and Kreb cycle

Angular stomatitis (mouth lesions)
Photophobia
Dermatitis

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7
Q

What vitamin deficiency?
Angular stomatitis (mouth lesions)
Photophobia
Dermatitis

A

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

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8
Q

Vitamin B3 (niacin)`/nicotinic acid
Function:
Deficiency:

A

Coenzymes
Involve in glycolysis and Kreb cycle

Pellagra (dermatitis, mucous membrane inflammation, weight loss and disorientation)

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9
Q

c
Pellagra (dermatitis, mucous membrane inflammation, weight loss and disorientation)

A

Vitamin B3 (niacin)`/nicotinic acid

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10
Q

Vitamin B5 (panthothenic acid)
Function:
Deficiency:

A

Coenzyme for Acetyl CoA

Rare

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11
Q

What vitamin deficiency? that is rare

A

Vitamin B5 (panthothenic acid)

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12
Q

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal)
Function:
Deficiency:

A

Coenzyme for
Transamination (ALT and AST)
Deamination
Decarboxylation

Peripheral neuropathy
Sideroblastic anemia
Homocysteinemia

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13
Q

What vitamin deficiency?
Peripheral neuropathy
Sideroblastic anemia
Homocysteinemia

A
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14
Q

Vitamin B7 (biotin)
Function:
Deficiency:

A

Coenzyme in carboxylation\

Dermatitis
Alopecia
Anorexia
Glossitis –inflammation of the tounge

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15
Q

What vitamin deficiency?
Dermatitis
Alopecia
Anorexia
Glossitis –inflammation of the tounge

A

Vitamin B7 (biotin)

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16
Q

Vitamin B9 (folate/folic acid)
Function:
Deficiency:

A

Synthesis of Amino acid and DNA

Megaloblatic anemia

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17
Q

What vitamin deficiency?
Megaloblatic anemia

A

Vitamin B9 (folate/folic acid)

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18
Q

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)

A

Synthesis of DNA and Folate

Pernicious anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Neurological abnormalities

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19
Q

What vitamin deficiency?
Pernicious anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Neurological abnormalities

A

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)

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20
Q

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Function:
Deficiency:

A

-Hydroxylation of collagen
-Participate on redox reactions
Helps in the absorption of iron
By reducing ferric to ferrous

Scurvy
Bleeding gums
Muscle pain
Swelling
Soar arms and legs

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21
Q

What vitamin deficiency?
Scurvy
Bleeding gums
Muscle pain
Swelling
Soar arms and legs

A

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

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22
Q

Vitamin K (phytomenadione)
Function:
Deficiency:

A

Coenzyme for prothrombin for normal blood clotting.
Bone mineralization

Clotting and bleeding disorder
Bone disorder

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23
Q

What vitamin deficiency?
Clotting and bleeding disorder
Bone disorder

A

Vitamin K (phytomenadione)

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24
Q

Vitamin E (tocopherol)
Function:
Deficiency:

A

Antioxidants protects RBCs, muscles, nerves, retina

Hemolytic anemia
Neurophaty
Retinopathy
Muscular dystrophy

25
What vitamin deficiency? Hemolytic anemia Neurophaty Retinopathy Muscular dystrophy
Vitamin E (tocopherol)
26
Vitamin D Ergocalciferol (D2) Cholecalciferol (D3) Function: Deficiency:
Absorption of Ca and phosphorus Mineralization of bones and teeth Bone disorder Rickets – young Osteomalecia- adults
27
What vitamin deficiency? Bone disorder Rickets – young Osteomalecia- adults
Vitamin D Ergocalciferol (D2) Cholecalciferol (D3)
28
Vitamin E (tocopherol) Function: Deficiency:
Maintenance of good vision Normal cell differentiation Bone and teeth growth Nynclatlopia (night blindness) Squamous metaplasia
29
What vitamin deficiency? Nynclatlopia (night blindness) Squamous metaplasia
Vitamin E (tocopherol)
30
Zinc Function: Deficiency:
Cofactors of oxidureductase, transferases, hydrolases, isomerases and lipase. Protein and nucleic acid synthesis Growth retardation (dwarfism) Reduces taste perception Acrodermatitis enterophatica Leukopenia GI disorder
31
What vitamin deficiency? Growth retardation (dwarfism) Reduces taste perception Acrodermatitis enterophatica Leukopenia GI disorder
Zinc
32
Copper Function: Deficiency:
Cellular respiration Collagen synthesis Cofactor for metalloenzymes Meske’’s Kinky hair syndrome (gray hair in child) Iron deficiency anemia Leukophenia Osteoporosis Poor wound healing
33
What vitamin deficiency? Meske’’s Kinky hair syndrome (gray hair in child) Iron deficiency anemia Leukophenia Osteoporosis Poor wound healing
Copper
34
Chronium Function: Deficiency:
Enhances insulin action for glucose and lipid metabolism Insulin resistance, T2DM, hyperlipidemia
35
What vitamin deficiency? Insulin resistance, T2DM, hyperlipidemia
Chronium
36
Selenium Function: Deficiency:
Prevent cellular oxidative stress Involve in thyroid hormone metabolism Keshan disease (endemic cardiomyopathy) Kashin-Beck disease ( endemic osteoarthritis) Muscle pain
37
What vitamin deficiency? Keshan disease (endemic cardiomyopathy) Kashin-Beck disease ( endemic osteoarthritis) Muscle pain
Selenium
38
Iodine Function: Deficiency:
Thyroid hormone synthesis Hypothyroidism; goiter, myxedema, cretinism Thyrotoxicosis (excess iodine)
39
What vitamin deficiency? Hypothyroidism; goiter, myxedema, cretinism Thyrotoxicosis (excess iodine)
Iodine
40
Iron Function: Deficiency:
Component of hemoglobin Involve in the activity of peroxidase, catalase and Kreb cyle Iron deficiency anemia (low Iron) Hemochromatosis (excess iron)
41
What vitamin deficiency? Hemochromatosis
Iron
42
Manganese Function: Deficiency:
Cofactor for metalloenzymes Bone and connective tissue function Heart and bone problems Associated with epilepsy Stunted growth in children (low height for age)
43
What vitamin deficiency? Heart and bone problems Associated with epilepsy Stunted growth in children (low height for age)
Manganese
44
deficiency mostly in lactating women, pregnant women and young children.
Iron and Iodine
45
other name for vit B1
THIAMINE
46
other name for vit B2
RIBOFLAVIN
47
other name for vit B3
NIACIN/NICOTINIC ACID
47
other name for vit B5
PANTHOTHENIC ACID
47
other name for vit B6
PYRIDOXINE PYRIDOXAL
48
other name for vit B7
BIOTIN
48
other name for vit B12
CYANOCOBALAMIN
48
other name for vit K
PHYTOMENADIONE
49
other name for vit B9
FOLATE/FOLIC ACID
49
other name for vit E
TOCOPHEROL
49
other name for vit C
ASCORBIC ACID
50
other name for vit D2
ERGOCALCIFEROL
51
other name for vit D3
CHOLECALCIFEROL
52
other name for vit A
RETINOL

1. CC2 PRELIM (13 decks)

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