ELECTROLYTES PART 1 (ANIONS) Flashcards
1
Q
What are the ANIONS
A
- Cl-
- HCO3-
- PO42-
2
Q
- Major anion in the ECF.
A
Chloride (Cl-)
3
Q
- Counter ion of Na- always accompany Na to maintain electric neutrality.
A
Chloride (Cl-)
4
Q
- Lost or excreted in sweat.
- Only anion that enzyme activator-activates amylase
- Regulated by aldosterone.
A
Chloride (Cl-)
5
Q
Chloride (Cl-) FUNCTIONS:
A
- Maintain water balance and osmotic pressure.
- Acid-base balance
- Maintenance of electrolyte balance/electroneutrality (Chloride shift)-exchange with HCO3 across the RBC membrane.
- Hydration.
6
Q
- Causes: DKA, aldosterone deficiency, vomiting, high serum bicarbonate. Metabolic alkalosis, diuretics.
A
Hypoclorenemia
7
Q
- Causes: metabolic acidosis, renal tubular acidosis, excess loss of bicarbonate, cystic fibrosis, CHF, hyperthyroidism, severe diarrhea
A
Hyperchlorenemia
8
Q
Intracellular anion.
absorption in small intestines.
A
Phosphate (PO4)
9
Q
most are in the form of inorganic phosphate (serum)
A
Phosphate (PO4)
10
Q
In complex with magnesium and calcium
A
Phosphate (PO4)
11
Q
Phosphate are __% of plasma inorganic phosphorus are organic and ___% are inorganic.
A
70%
30%
12
Q
- Majority of inorganic phosphate is excreted in _____ and ____ favors urinary loss of phosphorus
A
urine
PTH
13
Q
Causes:
a. hyperparathyroidism
b. rickets
c. osteomalacia
d. Fanconi’s syndrome
A
Hypophospathemia
14
Q
Causes:
a. hypoparathyroidism
b. increase Vit D
c. hypersecretion of growth hormone
d. uremia
e. glomerulonephritis
A
Hyperphosphatemia
15
Q
- 2nd most abundant anion in ECF
A
Bicarbonate (HCO3- )
16
Q
Bicarbonate (HCO3- ) Functions:
A
- Major buffering system of the blood.
- Exchange with Cl across the RBC to maintain ionic charge neutrality within the cell (chloride shift).
17
Q
Bicarbonate (HCO3- ) Decrease in:
A
- Metabolic acidosis
- HCO3- combines with hydrogen ion (H+ ) to produce CO2 which is exhaled by the lungs.
