ELECTROLYTES PART 1 (OTHER ELECTROLYTES)

Question 1

• 65% iron is from

Answer 1

Hemoglobin

Question 2

Storage form of Iron

Answer 2

Ferritin

Question 3

Storage are of Iron

Answer 3

Reticuloendothelial System

Question 4

• total amount of Iron absorbed per day

Answer 4

0.5 - 1.6 mg/day

Question 5

Excretion areas of Iron

Answer 5

Sweat
Urine
RBC destruction
Menstruation

Question 6

Total Loss of Iron in
Male:
Female:

Answer 6

0.9 mg/day
1.6 mg/day

Question 7

Functions of Iron

Answer 7

Oxygen Transport
Calcium Transport
Hemoglobin formation
Cofactor for enzymes

Question 8

Iron Related Proteins

Answer 8

Haptoglobin
Hemopexin

Question 9

binds with hemoglobin and serves to facilitate iron disposal

Answer 9

Haptoglobin

Question 10

attached to heme and aids in iron removal

Answer 10

Hemopexin

Question 11

Increase iron level in

Answer 11

• lead poisoning
• pernicious anemia
• hepatitis
• increase iron absorption

Question 12

Increase TIBC in

Answer 12

• chronic iron deficiency anemia
• liver necrosis
• increase release of serum ferritin

Question 13

Decrease serum iron in

Answer 13

• pregnancy
• iron deficiency anemia
• loss of blood(hemorrhage)

Question 14

Decrease TIBC

Answer 14

• cirrhosis
• hemochromatosis
• ferritin deficiency
• nephrosis

Question 15

• transported initially, bound to albumin, to the liver, then bound to ceruloplasmin in the liver then to the blood stream

Answer 15

COPPER (Cu)

Question 16

STORAGE of Copper

Answer 16

Red Cell (erythrocuprein)
Liver (Hepatocuprein)
Brain (Cerebrocuprein)

Question 17

Functions of Copper

Answer 17

For:
Effective erythropoiesis
Red Cell survival
Catalytic action for enzymes

Question 18

Copper HORMONAL REGULATORS

Answer 18

Growth Hormone
Corticortrophine

Question 19

Hypocupremia in

Answer 19

Anemia
Malnutrition
Menke’s Syndrome
Wilson’s Disease

Question 20

Hypercupremia in

Answer 20

Acute copper poisoning
use of copper-containing IUD
Pregnancy
Estrogen therapy
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Rheumatoid Arthritis
SLE
Megaloblastic anemia
Hodgkin’s disease

Question 21

Iron Laboratory Methods (TOTAL IRON)

Answer 21

Ramsay (Acetate)
Schales (Phosphate)
White and Flashka (Acetate)

Question 22

• assess transferring levels (level of saturation)
• determines the amount of unbound ferric ions
  ferric ion + magnesium carbonate –> precipitation

Answer 22

TOTAL IRON BINDING CAPACITY (TIBC)

Question 23

WHAT IRON LABORATORY METHOD?
Acetate
ferric-transferrin complex –> ferric + transferring

ferric ion + hydroxylamine hydrochloride –> ferrous ion

ferrous ion + tripyridine –> colored product

Answer 23

Ramsay

Question 24

WHAT IRON LABORATORY METHOD?
Phosphate
Ferric-transferrin complex –> ferric + transferring

Ferric ion ascorbic acid –> ferrous ion

Ferrous ion + sulfonated diphenyl phenanthroline –> colored product

Answer 24

Schales

Question 25

Acetate Ferric-transferrin complex --> ferric + transferring Ferric ion --> ferrous ion Ferrous ion + ferrozine --> colored product

Answer 25

WHITE AND FLASHKA

Question 26

Total Iron and TIBC Normal Value Total Iron Male: Female: TIBC:

Answer 26

Total Iron * Male: 60 – 150 ug/dl * Female : 50 – 130 ug/dl TIBC * 270 – 380 ug/dl

Question 27

COPPER (Cu) laboratory method

Answer 27

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)

Question 28

(Cu) * wavelength at 234nm * Sample is serum diluted 1:1 with deionized water to prevent protein obstruction of the burner head or the atomizer

Answer 28

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)

Question 29

Cu AAS wavelength at?

Answer 29

234nm

Question 30

Cu AAS serum diluted 1:1 with?

Answer 30

deionized w ater

Question 31

Copper Normal Values Blood Male: Female: Urine/24 Hours: Hair:

Answer 31

BLOOD * Male: 70 – 140 ug/dl * Female: 80 – 155 ug/dl URINE/24 hours * 15 – 50 ug/day HAIR * 0.75 – 6.25 mg/g