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Biochemistry by mgcMD > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Form of Vit A
Gowth development
Tissue differentiation

A

Retinoic acid

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2
Q

Form of Vit A

Support gamtogenesis

A

Retinol retinal

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3
Q

Form of Vit A

Antioxidant

A

Beta carotene

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4
Q

Cholecalciferol (D3) / Ergocarciferol (D2)

Normally formed in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterpl when exposed to sunlight

A

D3

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5
Q

Cholecalciferol (D3) / Ergocarciferol (D2)

Fatty fish, liver, egg yolk

A

D3

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6
Q

Cholecalciferol (D3) / Ergocarciferol (D2)

Commonly added to milk and butter

A

D2

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7
Q

Active form of vit D

Products of hydroxylation in liver and kidney

A

1,25 dihydroxyvitamin

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8
Q

Coenzyme for

Pyruvate dehydrogenase
a-kg dehydrogenase
BCAA dh
Transketolases

A

Vit B1

Thiamine pyrophosphate

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9
Q

Confusion
Ataxia
Opththalmoplegia
Nystagmus

A

Wernicke encephalopathy

B1

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10
Q

Amnesia
Confabulation
Hallucinations

A

Korsakoff syndrome

B1

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11
Q

Dry skin
Irritability
Disordered thinking
Progressive paralysis

A

Adult beri beri

B1

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12
Q

TachycardiaVomiting
Seizures
Death

A

Infantile beri beri

B1

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13
Q

Active forms of Vit B2

A

Flavine mononucleotide FMN

Flavibe adenine dinucleitide FAD

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14
Q

Sources of B1

A

Pork fish seafood beef yoghurt

Rice cereals bread flour

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15
Q

Sources of riboflavin B2

A

Milk eggs

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16
Q 
Electron carriers in redox reactions:
mitochondrial respiratory chain
fatty acid oxidatIon
AA oxidation
Krebs cycle
A

Riboflavin B2

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17
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis
Cheilosislangular stomatitis
Desquammation and inflammation of the tongue

A

Riboflavin

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18
Q

Active forms of B3

A

NAD+ and NADP+

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19
Q

May be synthesized from tryptophan, in a process that requires PYRIDOXINE

A

B3 Niacin

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20
Q

Sources of B3

A

Cereal, milk, lean meat, liver

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21
Q

Coenzyme for redox reactions

Source of ADP-ribose for nucleoproteins involved in DNA repair

A

B3 Niacin

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22
Q

Inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue and is thus used to treat hyperlipidemia

A

B3 Niacin

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23
Q

Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Death

A

Pellagra

Niacin

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24
Q

Con-based diet
Hartnup dse
Carcinoid syndrome
Isoniazid use

A

B3 def

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25
Q

Skin irritation
Dilatation of blood vessels causing flushing
Liver damage

A

B3 niacin

26
Q

Active form of B5 (pantothenic acid)

A

Coenzyme A

27
Q

Part of coenzyme A and acyk carrier protein for FA synthesis and metabolism

A

Pantothenic acid B5

28
Q

Rare

Peripheral nerve damage (nutritional melalgia or “burning foot syndrome)

A

B5 Pantothenic acid

29
Q

Active form of vit b6

A

Pyridoxal 5’ phosphate

30
Q

Sources of pyridoxine

A

Pyridoxine from potatoes and other starchy vegtables, non-citrus fruits

31
Q

Sources of pyridoxal and pyridoxamine

A

Meat

32
Q

Coenzyme for transamination of AA

A

Pyridoxine

33
Q

Coenzyme for decarboxylation of glutamate and histidine

ALA synthase

A

Pyridoxine

34
Q

Coenzyme for cystathionine synthase

A

Pyridoxine

35
Q

Coenzyme for synthesis of niacin from tryotophan

A

Pyridoxine

36
Q

Coenzyme for glycogen phosohorylase

A

Pyridoxine

37
Q

Avtive form of B9

A

Tetrahydrofolate

38
Q

Sources of B9 folic acid

A

Fresh green veggies

Liver

39
Q

Receives one-carbon fragments from donors (eg serine, glycine, histidine) and transfers them to imtermediates in the synthesis of AA, purines, and thymine

A

B9 folic acid

40
Q

Megalobkastic anemia

NTD

A

B9 def

41
Q

2 Active forms of B12

A

Methylcobalamin

Deoxyadenosylcobalamin

42
Q

Coenzyme for methionine synthase

And methyl malonyl CoA mutase

A

B12 cobalamin

43
Q

Pernicious anemia
Megaloblastic anemia due to lack of tetrahydrofolate forms needed in purine and thymine synthesis
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord

A

B12 cobalamin

44
Q

Coenzyme for copper and iron containing hydroxylases:
Proline and lysine hydroxylases in collagen
Dopamine beta hydroxylase

A

Vit C

45
Q

Enhances absorption of inorganic iron

A

Vit C

46
Q

Active form of Vit H

A

Enzyme-bound biotin

47
Q

Absorption is inhibited by avidin in egg whites

A

Biotin

48
Q

Coenzyme for
Pyruvate carboxylase
Acetyl CoA carboxylase
Propionyl CoA carboxylase

A

Biotin

49
Q

Specific tests for vitamin deficiencies

B1

A

Erythrocyte transketolase activity assay

50
Q

Specific tests for vitamin deficiencies

B6

A

Erythrocyte transaminase assay

51
Q

Specific tests for vitamin deficiencies

Vitamin B12

A

Schilling test

Methylmalonic acid test

52
Q

Specific tests for vitamin deficiencies

B9

A

Formiminoglytamic acid (FIGlu) excretion test) folate

53
Q

Partially denatured derivative of ferritin that predominates when tissue stores are high

A

Hemosiderin

54
Q 
Mineral constituent of metalloenzymes:
Carbonic anhydrase
Cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase
Alcohol dh
Carboxyoeltidase A and B
DNA and RNA polymerase
A

Zinc

55
Q

Dermatitis, poor wound healing, hair loss, neuropsych impairment, dec taste acuity, poor growth and testicular atrophy

A

Zinc def

Acrodermatitis enteripathica

56
Q 
Major cofactor for enzymes that use oxygen as one of their substrates such as:
Cytochrome oxidase
Dopamin b-hydroxylase
Monoamine oxidase
Tyrosinase
Lysyl oxidase
Cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase
A

Copper

57
Q

X-linked recessive
Def of ATP-dependent membrane transporter for copper
Impaired transfer of copper from intestinal mucosa

Growth retardation, mental deficiency, seizures, arterial aneurysms, bone demineralization, brittke hair

A

Menkes syndrome

Copper def

58
Q

Hepatolentocular degeneration
Intestinal absorption of copper is intact but biliary excretion is blocked

Copper accumulation in tx
Keyser fleisher ringsLow 3 methylhistidine in urine

A

Wilson dse

59
Q

Pyshosis and parkinsonism

A

Manganese madness

Excess Mn

60
Q

Mineral component of xanthine oxidase

A

Molybdenum

61
Q

Occurs in 20 human proteins, includinf glutathione peroxidase

A

Selenium (as selenicysteine)

62
Q

Low selenium content
Cardiomyopathy
Endemic in china

A

Keshan dse

Biochemistry by mgcMD (19 decks)

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