Nutrition Flashcards
Energy- rich molecules larger than other dietary nutrients
Macronutrients
Fats, carbs, proteins
Nutrients needed in lesser amounts
Micronutrients
Vitamins and minerals
Average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the reqt of 50% of healthy individuals
Estimated Average Requirement
Average daily intake level that is sufficient to meet the rqt of >95%of all individuals in a life stage and gender group
Recommended daily allowance
Arbitrarily set in absence of scientific evidence to calculatr EAR or RDA
Adequate intake
Highest average nutrient level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population
Tolerable upper intake level
Average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain an energy balance in a healthy adult of defined age, gender, height, whose weight and level of physical activity are consistent with good health
Estimated energy requirement
EER of sedentary level of activity
30 kcal/kg/day
EER of moderate level of activity
35
EER of very active level of activity
40
Percentof energy used fie resting/basal metabolic rate
60
Percent energy used for diet-induced thermigenesis
10
Percent energy used for physical activity on average
30
Energy content
Fats
Alcohol
Carbs, protein, ketone
9
7
4
Respectively
Measures how efficient the body utilizes protein comsumed in the diet
Biologic value
High biologic value means high in
Essential AA
The increase in blood glucose after a test dose of carbohydrate compared with that after an equivalent amount of glucose
Glycemic index
Glycemic index of glucose and galactose
1
Food intake less than energy expenditure
Undernutrition
Kwashiorkor/Marasmus
Protein deprivation> reduction in total calories
Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor/Marasmus
Calorie deprivation> protein reduction
Marasmus
Kwashiorkor/Marasmus
Onset >1 yr old after weaning from breastmilk
Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor/Marasmus
Onset <1 yr, when breastmilk is supplemented with low calorie cereals
Marasmus
Kwashiorkor/Marasmus Edema Enlarged fatty liver Skin lesions and depigmentations Very low plasma protein
Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor/Marasmus
Extreme muscle wasting
Weakness
Anemia
Marasmus
Kwashiorkor/Marasmus
Stunted growth
Both
To lose 1 pound per week, you need to burn and or reduce caloric intake by about ____kcal/day
500
Normal asian BMI
18.5-22.9
Overweight BMI asian
23-24.9
Major sources of energy in 100 m sprint
2
Creatine phosphate (first 4-5 sec) Then anaerobic glycolysis
Major source of energy during marathon
Aerobic glycolysis (using blood glucose and FFA derived fromt breakdown of TAG from adipose)
Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner Type II (glycolytic fibers) are predominantly used
Spinter
Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner Tyle 1 (oxidative) fibers predominantly used
Marathon
Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner
Creatine phosphate is the major energy source during the first 4-5 sec
Sprinter
Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner
Oxidative phosphorylation is the major energy source throughout
Marathon
Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner
Glucose derived from muscle glycogen and metabolized by anaerobic glycolysis is the major fuel source
Sprinter
Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner
Blood glucose and FFA are the major fuel sources
Marathon
Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner
Muscle glycogen is rapidly depleted
Sprinter
Sprinter (100m) / Marathoner
Muscle glycogen is slowly depleted
Marathon
