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Biochemistry by mgcMD > Complex Molecules > Flashcards

Complex Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Mucoprotein

Protein> Carbohydrates

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2
Q

Glycosaminoglycans

A

Mucopolysaccharides

Carbohydrates> proteins

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3
Q

Glycerophospholipids

A

Phosphoglycerides

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4
Q

Proteins to which oligosaccharides are attached

A

Glycoproteins

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5
Q 
Glycoproteins
The oligosaccharides are usually attached to \_\_\_\_\_ (O-linked in golgi bodies)
Or \_\_\_\_\_\_ (N-linked, synthesized in endoplasmic reticulum)
A

Serine

Asparagimed

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6
Q

Glycoproteins

Lubricant and protective agent in the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts

A

Mucin

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7
Q

Glycoproteins

Examples of transport molecules

A

Transferrin

Cerruloplasmin

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8
Q

Glycoproteins

Hormones

A

HGC

TSH

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9
Q

Glycoproteins

Immunoligic fxn

A

Immunoglobulins

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10
Q

Glycoproteins

Dse associated

A

I-cell disease

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11
Q

Unbranched polysaccharides consisting if repeating disaccharide units, alternating ACIDIC SUGAR-AMINO SUGAR

A

GAGs

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12
Q

GAGs

Acidic sugars

A

Glucuronic acid

Iduronic acid

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13
Q

GAGs

Amino sugars

A

Glucosamine

Galactosamine

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14
Q

Except for __________, the GAGs are normally linked to a protein core, and the emtire structure is called _____

A

Hyaluronic acid

Proteoglycan

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15
Q

GAGs

Cell migration and wound repair

A

Hyaluronic acid

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16
Q

GAGs
Principal component of cartilage
Found in sites of calcification
Most abundant GAG

A

Chondroitin sulfate

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17
Q

GAGs

Anticoagulant

A

Heparin

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18
Q

GAGs

Receptors for cell griwth and cell-cell communication, maintains charge selectivenedd of renal glomerulus

A

Heparan sulfate

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19
Q

GAGs

Main GAG in skin

A

Dermatab sulfate

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20
Q

GAGs diseases

A

HHM (mucopolysaccharidoses)

Hunter syndrome
Hurler syndrome
Morquio syndrome

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21
Q

Glycerol + 2FA + phosphate group + alcohol

A

Glycerophospholipids

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22
Q

Phospholipid in which an alcohol is attached by a phosphodiester bridge to diacylglycerol

A

Glycerophospholipids

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23
Q

Glycerophospholipids

Aka lecithin

A

Phosphatidylcholine

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24
Q

Glycerophospholipids
Most abundant
Cell membrane outer leaflet
Storage of cholinr component of acetylcholine

A

Phosphatidylcholine

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25
Q

Glycerophospholipids

Aka cephalin

A

Phosphatidylethanolamine

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26
Q

Glycerophospholipids

Cell membrane inner leaflet

A

Phosphatidylethanolamine

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27
Q

Glycerophospholipids
Cell membrane inner leaflet
Plays a role in apoptosis

A

Phosphatidylserine

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28
Q

Glycerophospholipids

Reservoir of arachidonic acid in cell membrane, source of inosito, triphosphate + DAG, which are second messengers

A

Phosphatidylinositol

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29
Q

Glycerophospholipids
Dipalmitoyllecithin
Lung surfactant

A

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

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30
Q

Glycerophospholipids
Antigenic
Cross-reacts with antibodies to syphilis

A

Cardiolipin

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31
Q

Sphingosine + FA + phosohate + choline

A

Sphingophospholipid

32
Q

The only significat sphingophospholipid
Constituent of myelin sheath
Insulates axons of nerve fiberd
Increases nerve conductioj

A

Sphingophospholipid

33
Q

Glycolipids

A

Glycosphingolipids

Lipid>Carbohydrates

34
Q

Sphingosine+FA+x

A

Glycosphingolipids

35
Q

Derivatives of ceramide, in which a long chain FA is attached to ansphingosine backbone

A

Glycosphingolipids

36
Q

Name of glycolipid depending on X

H atom

37
Q

Name of glycolipid depending on X

Glucose or galactose

A

Cerebroside

38
Q

Name of glycolipid depending on X

Di, tri, or tetrasaccharide

39
Q

Name of glycolipid depending on X

N-acetyl muramic acid

A

Ganglioside

40
Q

Name of glycolipid depending on X

Sulfated glucose

41
Q

Essential component and contribute to the assymetry of the cell membrane (outer leaflet)
Play a role in crll adhesion and recignition, growth, and develop,ent
Important on neural tissue

A

Glycolipids

42
Q

Sphingolipidoses

A

Tasy sachs
Nieman. Pick dse
Gaucher dse

43
Q

Eiscosanoids (3)

A

PG
TX
Leukotrienes

44
Q

20 C FA from which eicosanoids are derived

A

Arachidonic acid

45
Q

Enzyme that cleaves arachidonic acid

Yields eicosanoids

A

Phospholipase A2

46
Q

Enzyme that cleaves arachidonic acid

Yields prstaglandins and thromboxanes

A

Cyclooxygenase

47
Q

Enzyme that cleaves arachidonic acid

Yields leukotrienes

A

Lipoxygenase

48
Q

Eicosanoid
Mediators of inlammation and pain
Protect gastric mucosa

A

Prostaglandins

49
Q

Eicosanoid
Promotes thrombosis (platelet adhesion, aggregation)
Vasocinstriction
Produced by platelets

A

Thromboxane

50
Q

Eicosanoid
Inhibits thrombosis
Stimulates vasodilatation
Produced by endothelial cells

A

Prostacyclin

51
Q

Eicosanoid
Keeps ductus arteriosus open
Used for erectile dysfunction

A

PGE1 (alprostadil)

52
Q

Eicosanoid
Vasodilation
Relaxation of smooth muscles
Induces labor

53
Q

Eicosanoid
Vasoconstriction
Smooth muscle contraction
Uterine contractions

54
Q

Eicosanoid
Slow acting substances
Anaohylaxis
Bronchial constriction

A

Leukotrienes

55
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

Def a L iduronidase

A

Hurler syndrome

MPS I

56
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

Def iduronate sulfatase

A

Hunter syndrome

MPS II

57
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

Def Heparan sulfate N sulfatase

A

Sanfilippo type A

58
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

Def a N acetyl glucosaminidase

A

Sanfilippo type B

59
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

Def a glucosaminidase Nacetyltransferase

A

Sanfilippo type C

60
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

Def N acetylglucosamine 6 sulfatase

A

Sanfilippo type D

61
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

MPS III

A

Sanfilippo

62
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

Def galactose6sulfatase

A

Morquio type A

63
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

Beta galactosidase

A

Morquio type B

64
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

MPS IV

65
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

Beta glucuronidase

A

Sly syndrome

66
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

Def beta glucuronidase

A

Sly syndrome

67
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

MPS VII

A

Sly syndrome

68
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder
GAGs affected:
Dermatan and heparan sulfate

A

Hurler syndrome and hunter syndrome

69
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder
Lipid accumulation disorder
GAGs affected:

Heparan sulfate

A

Sanfilippo

70
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder
GAGs affected:
Keratan and chroitin sulfate
Keratan sulfate

A

Morquio A and B

71
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder
GAGs affected:

Dermatan s
Heparan s
Chrindroitin

A

Sly syndrome

72
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

Mental retardation
Coarse facial features
Hepatosplenomegaly
Corneal clouding
Death in childhood
73
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder
Mental retardation
Similar to hurler but no corneal clouding
X linked

74
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder
Mental retardation
Hyperactivity

A

Sanfilippo

75
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

Skeletal dysplasia
Short stature
Odontoidnhypoplasia
Corneal clouding
No CNS involvement
76
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

All are autosomal except

A

Hunter syndrome (x linked)

77
Q

Lipid accumulation disorder

All have mental retardation except

Biochemistry by mgcMD (19 decks)

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