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Exam tips Nutrition 1 > vitamins > Flashcards

vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

b1 function

A

coenzyme for energy from carbs

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2
Q

functions of biotin, b2, b3 (3)

A

energy production
nerve health
skin, hair health

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3
Q

functions of B5

A

energy production

immune support

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4
Q

def sx for B1,2,3,5 & biotin

A

fatigue
poor concentration
memory loss

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5
Q

B2 def tongue

A

sore bright pink, ariboflavinosis, cracked mouth - dermatitis/lesion

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6
Q

B3 def tongue

A

sore, & sore mouth

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7
Q

biotin tongue def

A

smooth

heavy periods

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8
Q

3 vitamers/functions vit A

A

retinol - retina
retinal - vision/gene expression
retinoid acid - differentiation epithelial cells/feotal dev

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9
Q

why careful with pregnancy

A

vitamin A is teratogenic

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10
Q

therapeutics vit a

A

acne

xeropthalmia

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11
Q

zincs role vit A

A

makes retinol binding protein

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12
Q

as role with iron

A

modulates iron metabolism - anaemia

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13
Q

which 2 bs acetyl coA foremation

A

1 & 5

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14
Q

3 functions B12

A

methyl donor to folate - energy production/dna synthesis
metabolism of all cells (GI/bone marrow)
lowers homocysteine

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15
Q

which 3 b its lower honocysteine

A

B12, 9, 6

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16
Q

B12 absorption

A

stomach - breaks from protein via pepsin
combines with R protein
moves to duodenum released from R
combines with B12 - absorbed distal intestine

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17
Q

B12 insuff/def

A

beefy tongue - glossitis
neurological disorders
later - megaloblastic anaemia - causes irreversible nerve damage emma’s dad

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18
Q

megaloblastic anaemia sx

A

shortness of breath
muscle weakness
pale etc

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19
Q

folate absorption/trap

A

after absorption methyl group added in intestine

Once in cells B12 removes the methyl group and unlocks it

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20
Q

functions folate

A

blood cells/heam production
DNA synthesis/repair
lowers homocysteine

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21
Q

3 therapeutics folate

A

anaemia
homocysteine
atherosclerosis

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22
Q

def folate

A

high homocysteine
weakness depression
high homocysteine

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23
Q

metabolism of B6 dependant on

A

B2

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24
Q

functions B6

A 
metabolism a/a's - transamination, decarboxylation
glycogen > glucose
regs steroid hormones - emma's periods
regulates homocysteine
converts tryptophan > serotonin
converts tryptophan to niacin
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25
Q

def b6

A 
smokers!
^ homocysteine
a/a metabolism abnormaliyies
mood disorders - serotonin
PMS - hormones
longterm - rosacea
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26
Q

2 forms D

A

ergocalciferol

cholecalciferol

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27
Q

active form of D3

A

calcitriol

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28
Q

3 functions D

A

calcium homestasis
immune modulator
contro loo cell proliferation (angiogenisis)

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29
Q

D therapeutics

A

MS
Osteomalacia/rickets
cancer

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30
Q

deficiency D

A

frequent infections
rickets
osteoporosis

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31
Q

LOW blood calcium:

A

PTH stems synthesis of calcitriol

32
Q

HIGH blood calcium

A

thyroid releases calcitonin - inhibits PTH/calcitriol

33
Q

dietary calcium wasting factors

A 
high protein
sugar
alcohol
caffeine
fizzy drinks
34
Q

non-dietary calcium wasting factors

A

pregnancy

lactation

35
Q

what body substance helps calcium absorption

A

HCL elderly!

36
Q

calcium absorption lowered by

A

phytates
oxalic acids
fibre

37
Q

how does protein ^ calcium excretion

A

urea is diuretic - ^ excretion

excess a/a decreases kidney absorption

38
Q

calcium functions

A 
bone mineral density
clotting
muscle contractibility
nerve transmission
weight loss
39
Q

iron storage/transport

A

1 mucosal ferritin stores iron in mucosal cells small intestine
2 mucosal ferritin transfers to mucosal transferrin
transfers to blood transferrin > rest of body

40
Q

2 factors that enhance absorption non-ahem iron

A

C

MFP - meat fish poultry factor

41
Q

3 nutrients that inhibit iron absoprtion

A

potatoes
^ calcium
^ dairy
tannic acid - tea/coffee

42
Q

if high Fe

A

liver converts ferritin to storage protein hemosiderin releases more slowly

43
Q

Fe recycling

A

Fe salvaged from dead RBC in liver

taken to bone marrow for recycling by blood transferrin

44
Q

when can iron feed bacteria

A

when it is unbound (needs to be bound to ferritin or transferrin)

45
Q

Fe functions

A

in haemoglobin - 4 02 transport
in myoglobin - 02 storage in muscle
cofactor for ETC
Immune regulation

46
Q

Fe def

A

apathy
hair loss
pica
iron-def anaemia

47
Q

fe toxicity called

A

hemosiderosis same sx as def

48
Q

iron tips for vegetarians

A

centre on iron-rich foods - e.g. pulses
don’t waste cals on junk foods that lack iron
avoid tea with meals to avoid tannic acids
avoid ^ dairy - impairs absorption

49
Q

which type of iron can be carcinogenic and why

A

ahem iron catalyses formation of carcinogens from all nitrites in processed and natural foods

50
Q

4 thiamin antogonists

A

raw fish
tannic acid
blueberries
alcohol

51
Q

3 cofactors for synthesis of niacin from tryptophan

A

B2.6 iron

52
Q

sx pellagra

A

depression
diarrhoea
dermatitis
dementia

53
Q

what in the blood can limit C uptake

A

^ blood glucose

54
Q

3 nutrients that can be pro-oxidant

A

C
E
Fe

55
Q

3 functions C

A

antioxidant
collagen synthesis
used by adrenals in stress

56
Q

3 therapeutics C

A

common cold
atherosclerosis
cancer

57
Q

4 functions Mg

A

energy production - ATP!
=Ca - blood clotting
muscle contraction
regs BP

58
Q

3 nutrients inhibits Zn

A

phytates
oxalates
polyphenols

59
Q

which storage protein holds Zn in reserve until body needs it

A

metallothionein (short term only)

60
Q

what is enterohepatic Zn circulation

A

Zn in dig enzymes in pancreas

they are recycled back to pancreas

61
Q

Zn functions

A

antioxidant
enzymes
cell-mediated immunity
sperm formation

62
Q

therapeutic uses Zn

A

acne
cold
male infertility

63
Q

Zn def

A

low taste/smell
^ colds/infections
poor wound healing
alcohol intoleranc

64
Q

3 functions selenium

A

makes t3 from t4
antioxidant via glutathione peroxidase
cancer protection

65
Q

deficiency of selenium can contribute to what other def

A

iodine

66
Q

copper req for which 3 systems

A

immune
NS
CV

67
Q

2 minerals restrict utilisation copper

A

Zn

Fwe

68
Q

Iodine function

A

part of thyroid hormone

69
Q

what food processed removes almost all chromium

A

refining whole grains

70
Q

therapeutic chromium

A

weight los

diabetes

71
Q

2 types E

A

tocotrienols

tocopherols

72
Q

functions E

A

heart - cholesterol
skin
antioxidant

73
Q

C and what other nutrient rejuvenates oxidised E

A

selenium via glutathione peroxidase

74
Q

which food processing reduced E by 80%

A

milling flour

75
Q

K1 & K2

A

1 - phylloquinone

2 - menaquinone - make ourselves

76
Q

2 functions K

A

blood clotting

bone protein formation

Exam tips Nutrition 1 (11 decks)

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