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Exam tips Nutrition 1 > biochem 2 > Flashcards

biochem 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the other molecules attached to carbon skeleton in living things are called

A

the functional group

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2
Q

3 forms carb

A

monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides

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3
Q

structure of disaccharide

A

2 monosaccharides

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4
Q

structure of polysaccharide

A

10-100s monosaccharides

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5
Q

type of reaction that joins monosaccharides together

A

dehydration reaction

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6
Q

type of bond joining all carbs

A

glycosidic

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7
Q

ex 5 monosaccharides

A 
glucose
fructose
galactose
deoxyribose
ribose
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8
Q

glucose + fructose =

A

sucrose

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9
Q

sucrose made of

A

glucose & fructose

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10
Q

glucose + galactose =

A

lactose

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11
Q

lactose made of

A

glucose + galactose

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12
Q

glucose + glucose =

A

maltose

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13
Q

maltose made of

A

glucose + glucose

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14
Q

3 ex of polysaccharides

A

glycogen
starch
cellulose

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15
Q

structure of glycogen, starch & cellulose

A

glucose chains

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16
Q

monosaccharides are grouped into families, named after

A

no. of carbon atoms in the chain
tri-oe
pentose
hexose

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17
Q

most common polysaccharide in body is

A

glycogen

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18
Q

are polysaccharides soluble

A

no

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19
Q

do polysaccharides taste sweet

A

no

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20
Q

the major dietary source of carbohydrate is

A

starch

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21
Q

starch made up of 2 polysaccharides called

A

amylose

amylopectin

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22
Q

structure of glycogen

A

polysaccharide made of glucose

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23
Q

function of glycogen

A

primary short term energy storage in body

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24
Q

glycogen mostly made by

A

liver and muscles

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25
Q

what is cellulose

A

structural material of plants

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26
Q

why can’t we digest cellulose

A

we lack cellulase

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27
Q

3 carb functions

A

primary fuel for energy production
stored energy: glycogen
3 fibre - bowel function

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28
Q

digestible carb in the diet comes from what 3 sources

A

sugars
starch
glycogen from animal protein

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29
Q

4 stages carb digestion

A

1 - mouth: salivary amylase splits glycosidic bonds
2 - stomach: digestion stops due to pH
3 - pancreatic amylase continues digestion in small intestine
4 - mucosal cells of jejunum brush border secrete sucrase, amylase lactase to complete digestion

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30
Q

glucose from carb digestion is used for 4

A 
Production of:
ATP
glycogen
triglycerides
amino acids
31
Q

lipids like carbohydrates contain which 3 elements

A

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen

32
Q

lipids are hydrophobic because they have fewer what that carbs

A

OH groups

33
Q

how do lipids move around body

A

made more soluble by attaching to proteins = lipoproteins

34
Q

main form dietary fat

A

triglycerides

35
Q

structure triglyceride

A

1 glycerol

3 fatty acid

36
Q

what reaction bonds triglycerides together

A

dehydration synthesis reaction

37
Q

what bonds to fats have

A

ester bond

38
Q

triglycerides are broken down by what reaction

A

hydrolysis reaction

39
Q

4 functions of fats/triglycerides/lipids

A

1 source of energy (less efficient than carb)
2 storage excess calories
3 insulation
4 protection

40
Q

structure of saturated fats

A

single covalent bonds between each fatty acid carbon atom

41
Q

behaviour of saturated fat at room temp

A

solid - can pack tightly

42
Q

structure monounsaturated fat

A

double covalent bond between 2 carbons in carbon chain

43
Q

shape of monounsaturated fat

A

bent due to 1 double bond

44
Q

behaviour of monounsaturated fat at room temp

A

liquid as molecules can’t pack tightly

45
Q

structure polyunsaturated fats

A

several double covalent bonds in carbon chain

46
Q

shape of polyunsaturated fats

A

kinked

47
Q

behaviour of polyunsaturated fats at room temp

A

liquid

48
Q

how to find omega carbon in fatty acid

A

last c in chain

49
Q

how to find alpha carbon in fatty acid

A

1st c after carboxyl join (cooh)

50
Q

fatty acids are named according to the

A

closest double bond to the omega carbon

51
Q

a double bond in a fat has two possible configurations

A

cis

trans

52
Q

cis or trans found in nature

A

cis

53
Q

configuration and shape of cis fat

A

H atoms on same side of double bond

bent

54
Q

config and shape of trans fat

A

H atoms on separate side of double bond

straight

55
Q

2 ways cis fats turn to trans fats

A

high temp

hydrogenation processes margarine

56
Q

what type of fat are EFAs

A

polyunsaturated

57
Q

can body make omega 3/6 from scratch

A

no

only converts from 1 to another

58
Q

omega 3 family

A

LNA
EPA
DHA
Eicosanoids

59
Q

LNA full name/source

A

alpha-linolenic acid

veg oil, flax, nuts

60
Q

EPA full name/source

A

eicosapentaenoic acid

fish oil

61
Q

DHA full name/source

A

docosahexaenoic acid

fish oil

62
Q

omega 6 family

A

LA
GLA
AA
Eicosanoids

63
Q

full name/source LA

A

Linoleic Acid

veg oil, nuts seeds

64
Q

GLA full name source

A

Gamma-Linolenic Acid

borage/primrose oil

65
Q

AA full name/source

A

arachidonic acid

meat

66
Q

6 functions EFA

A

1 fluidity/chemical activity cell membrane
2 help make lubricants for joints
3 transport cholesterol in blood
4 needed by tissues of retina, adrenals, brain, testes
5 ensure proper nerve transmission esp in brain
6 prostaglandin synthesis

67
Q

polyunsaturated fats are prone to becoming what

A

free radicals

68
Q

radical formation is accelerated by

A

light
oxygen
heat

69
Q

2 safety considerations for polyunsaturated fats

A

never cook with

keep in glass bottle in fridge

70
Q

where are lipoproteins sinthesised

A

in liver

71
Q

which lipoprotein carries triglycerides from intestines to liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissue

A

chylomicrons

72
Q

which lipoprotein carries cholesterol to the liver

A

HDL

73
Q

which lipoprotein carries triglycerides from the liver to adipose tissue

A

VLDL

74
Q

which lipoprotein carries cholesterol from liver to all cells of body

A

LDL

Exam tips Nutrition 1 (11 decks)

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