Practice Exam Flashcards
7 naturopathic principles
The healing power of nature First do no harm Find the cause Doctor as teacher Treat the whole person Preventative medicine Establish wellness
Western medicine view of disease
Disease caused by specific pathology
Caused by discrete foreign pollutants
Cured by another foreign element
Eastern view of disease
Disease is an imbalance of patterns that should normally be in harmony
Including mind body spirit
Name 4 Ancient Greek humours
Blood
Phlegm
Yellow bile
Black bile
Where is hydroxylation of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 completed.
Kidney
How is Vit C involved with Vit E as lipid antioxidant
C reduces E back to Tocopherol
What happens to E after it has acted as a lipid antioxidant if there is no C
E could become oxidised
Penetrating further into cells and causing chain reaction of free radical damage
Neo-natal heamorrhagic disease could be prevented by which Vit
K
7 foods that are thiamine agonists
Tea Raw fish Blueberries Red beets Sprouts Brussels Any food containing sulphites Alcohol
Storing milk in glass bottles could lead to def of which Vit and why
Riboflavin
Destroyed by light
Which deficiency disease is following symptoms Diarrhoea Dermatitis Dementia Depression Death
Pellagra
Pellagra is deficiency of which 2 nutrients
Niacin /B3
Tryptophan/ protein
Absorption process of B12 - 7 marks
1 b12 bound to protein 2 released by pepsin in stomach 3 where it combines with R protein 4 removed from R protein in duodenum 5 there binds with intrinsic factor 6 which is produced in stomach 7 the intrinsic factor-b12 complex is then absorbed in distal part of small intestine
3 foods that provide folate other than leafy greens
Legumes Citrus fruit Liver Asparagus Brocolli Beef
6 factors that increase bio availability of calcium
Acid/stomach acid Lactose Pregnancy Lactation Resistance ex D3
3 conditions where supp Mg benefits
Constipation Dyspepsia Coronary artery disease Diabetes Kidney stones Migraines PMS Osteoporosis Stroke Hypertension
how does body metabolise zinc upon absorption (4)
1 upon absorption zinc retained by storage protein metallothienein
2 metallothienein regulates absorption
3 metallothienein holds zinc in reserve until body needs it
4 when it’s needed it’s released into the blood for transportation
3 conditions where low plasma sodium may occur
major trauma cachexia diuretic abuse renal failure/disease vomiting persistent diarrhoea excessive water intake anorexia liver disease
how does liver recycle iron (4)
1 liver removes iron from spent RBCs
2 attaches it to blood transferrin
3 which transports it back to bone marrow
4 to be reused to make new RBCs
toxicity of which mineral could make the body emit a smell of garlic
selenium
3 functions of protein with ex for each (6)
building blocks of body - collagen
enzymes - dig enzymes
normones - tyrosine for thyroid hormone etc
transport protein - albumin
glutathione tripeptide made up of which 3 a/a
glutamate cysteine glycine
when might glutamine be prescribed? how does it work
intestinal permeability - stimulates intestinal mucosal growth, strengthens epithelial tight junctions
rec protein intake for healthy adults
0.8g per kg
what effect do desaturate enzymes have on fatty acids
make less saturated/increases desaturation by adding a DOUBLE BOND
3 hormones that stimulate lipolysis
adrenalin
noradrenalin
thyroid stimulating hormone
growth hormone
which hormone antagonises the lipolytic effect of these lipolysis-stimulating hormopnes
insulin
name a saturated fatty acid, noting how many carbons and double bonds it has
auric - 12 carbons, 0 double bonds
name a polyunsaturated fatty acid, naming how many carbons and how many double bonds it contains
linolenic 18 carbons 2 double bonds
what does LA stand for
linoleic acid
GLA
gamma linolenic acid
EPA
eicosapentaenoic acid
DHA
docosahexaenoic acid
4 functions of EFAs
maintaining membrane fluidity holding cell membrane-proteins controlling transport of substances in and out of cells cell to cell communication foetal brain development precursors to eicosanoids
ingredients listed on food labels must be listed in a particular order
descending order
what is def of a safe upper level of a nutrient
highest level of nutrient intake likely to pose no risk in almost all individuals
3 nutrients that have a safe upper level
Vitamin A Copper Fluoride Iodine Iron
what is schamroth’s sign and what does it indicate (3)
1 a small diamond space
2 between the nails of the two forefingers when they are placed together
3 it indicates that the nails are not clubbed
describe TCM body clock (4)
energy circulates in pattern from organ to organ
this energy gives the organ fuel to function
each organ takes an active role in the body at a given time
if any illness or disease occurs, the related organ can be treated at a specific time on the body clock
where on the tongue would you assess the health of liver & gallbladder
sides of tongue
name 1 effect DDT had on wildlife
egg shell thinning in birds
