protein a/a Flashcards
daily protein req
0.83g per kg body weight
define transamination
making 1 non-essential aa from another
deamination
stripping an aa of nitrogen and using for energy
deamination req
B6
2 factors protein quality
its digestibility
its aa composition - all ess a/as in right amounts
food with perfect aa score
egg
two effects of high protein intake
increased calcium excretion
kidney stress
4 a/a function
detoxify chemicals
antioxidant protection
build bile acids for digestion
help make hormones, NTs
2 functions glutamnine
intestinal repair/protection - strengthening epithelial tight junctions
immune modulator - stims lymphocytes/ NK cells
what effect does cortisol have on glutamine
high cortisol
low glutamine
4 applications of glutamate
intestinal permeability
chemo/radiation side effects
peptic ulcers - cabbage juive
HIV
Function of glutamate/glutamic acid
principle excitatory a/a in brain involved in movement cognition memory sensation
G makes G makes G (smaller, med, bigger)
glutamine > glutamate > glutathione
glutathione is a tripeptide made of
cysteine
glutamate\glycine
is glutamate neurotoxic
yes msg
3 a/a urea cycle
arginine
ornithine
citrulline
action of arginine
dilates arteries
3 clinical applications arginine
lower BP - preciser to Nitric oxide
erectile dysfunction
angina
BCAA are which 3 a/a
leucine
isoleucine
valine
main effect of BCAA
stims protein synthesis - muscle sparing in exercise
def in BCAA symptom
anorexia low appetite
BCAA increases
appetite
why does BCAA increase appaetite
competes with TRYPTOPHAN for uptake across BBB - same transport mechanism
tryptophan preciser to seratonin - decreases appetite
sulphur a/as
methionine
cysteine
cysteine synthesised from
methionine
what does methionine get converted into
SAM - major methyl donor
methionine req for synthesis of
acetylcholine
creatine
epinephrine
cysteine a component of which 3 substances
glutathione
coenzyme A
taurine
synthesis of B3 from tryptophan dependant on which 3 nutrients
B6, B2, iron
3 side effects of methionine
can increase homocysteine levels- esp if def in B6,9,12
aggravate liver/kidney disease
cysteine req for which liver pathway
phase 2 detox - sulphating as source of sulphate
source of cysteine
cruciferous veg
antioxidant a/a
cysteine glutamate glycine - glutathione methionine (taurine)
what does cysteine make
NAC - N-acetyl cysteine
3 functions NAC
detoxifies
antioxidant
antiinflammatory
clinical application cysteine
thins mucous - bronchitis, COPD, flu
3 functions carnitine
cellular energy production
gets long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for oxidation
reduces cellulite
lowers triglycerides in blood
2 therapeutic uses carnitine
congestive heart failure
infertility
1 function creatine
increases performance in strength-related sports
glycine is a
neurotransmitter
smallest a/a
glycine - gets through BBB
function glycone
binds to toxic substances to be excreted
which a/a is not officially an a/a
taurine
primary function taurine
antioxidant
3 a/a cross BBB
glycine
phenylalanine
theanine
what type of people is taurine essential for and why
neonates/anyone on parenteral nutrition - avoids cholestasis
thiamine found in
green tea
3 effects of theanine
calming
improves concentration
mod enhancing
which a/a is precursor to thyroid hormone, dopamine, epinephrine, melanin
tyrosine
when is it contraindicated to take tyrosine
antidepressants
MAOIs
skin cancer
3 sources tryptophan
dairy
turkey
rice
tryptophan key for production of which 2 nutrients
niacin
seraotinin
3 therapeutic uses tryptophan
hyperactivity
weight loss/apetite reduction
improves stress/anxiety
jet lag
which a/a good for herpes
lysine
which a/a could cause herpes
arginine
why could long term supplemental a/a create imbalance
as compete for transport through cell membranes
