Vitamins

Question 1

Fat-soluble vits

Answer 1

ADEK

Question 2

vit with different chemical
forms but serves the same purpose in the body

Answer 2

Vitamers

Question 2

inactive form / substance which the body can synthesize specific vitamin

Answer 2

Precursor/Provitamin

Question 2

Water-soluble vits

Answer 2

B C

Question 3

Provitamin A

Answer 3

carotenoids

Question 4

the active form of vitamin A

Answer 4

Retinol

Question 5

A retinol equivalent is

Answer 5

1 µg retinol or 6 µg beta carotene

Question 6

• Maintains healthy eyes and skin
• Normal bone growth and reproduction
• Healthy immune system
• Antioxidants that protect cells from free radicals

Answer 6

Functions of Vitamin A

Question 7

D3 (cholecalciferol) is formed in humans
from cholesterol in the ?

Answer 7

skin.

Question 7

vit that is a Prohormone: it is converted to a hormone in the body

Answer 7

Vitamin D

Question 8

• Promotes calcium
  and phosphorus
  absorption in the
  body
• Values are given in
  micrograms or in
  international units.

Answer 8

Functions of Vitamin D

Question 8

D2 (ergocalciferol) is formed in ?

Answer 8

plants.

Question 9

changes provitamin to vitamin D3

Answer 9

Sunlight

Question 10

malformed bones and
pain in infants

Answer 10

rickets

Question 11

Tocopherols
-Alpha (most biologically active)
-Beta, delta, and gamma

Tocotrienols

Answer 11

Vitamin E

Question 11

(softening of bones)

Answer 11

Osteomalacia

Question 12

-Antioxidant
-Prevention of hemolytic anemia
among premature infants
- Enhances immune
system
-Retards spoilage of
commercial foods

Answer 12

Functions of Vitamin E

Question 13

Your client asks you if it is possible to take too much vitamin E. How would you advise the client?

Answer 13

Relatively nontoxic, fat-
soluble vitamin. Excess stored in
adipose tissue. Avoid long-term
megadoses.

Question 14

Vit E deficiency can cause?

Answer 14

Serious neurological
defects can occur from
malabsorption.

Question 15

Vitamin K1

Answer 15

(phylloquinone) – from dietary
sources (green leafy vegies)

Question 15

Vitamin K2

Answer 15

(menaquinone) – synthesized
in the intestine by bacteria

Question 15

Made up of several compounds essential
to blood clotting

Answer 15

Vitamin K

Question 16

Vitamin K is destroyed by ?

Answer 16

light and alkalis

Question 17

Synthetic vitamin K

Answer 17

(menadione)

Question 18

Antidote for an overdose of anticoagulant or treatment of hemorrhage

Answer 18

vit K

Question 19

Formation of prothrombin for clotting of blood

Answer 19

Functions of Vitamin K

Question 20

too much vit k can result to?

Answer 20

Anemia can result from excessive amount of synthetic vitamin K.

Question 21

too little vit k can cause?

Answer 21

Defective blood coagulation, which increases clotting time and makes client prone to hemorrhage

Question 22

is a disease caused by extreme deficiency of vitamin B1

Answer 22

Beriberi

Question 22

vits that can Dissolve in water - Easily destroyed by air, light, and cooking

Answer 22

Vit B complex and C

Question 23

Necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fats; tissue maintenance (especially the skin around the mouth); and healthy eyes

Answer 23

Riboflavin/B2

Question 23

Essential for nerve and muscle action, and metabolism of carbohydrates and some amino acids

Answer 23

Thiamin/B1

Question 24

vit b2/riboflavin Deficiency can cause cheilosis (sores on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth); glossitis (inflammation of the tongue); dermatitis; and eye strain in the form of itching, burning, and eye fatigue

Answer 24

vit b2/riboflavin Deficiency can cause cheilosis (sores on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth); glossitis (inflammation of the tongue); dermatitis; and eye strain in the form of itching, burning, and eye fatigue

Question 25

- Generic name for nicotinic acid and nicotinamide - A coenzyme in energy metabolism

Answer 25

Vitamin B3/Niacin

Question 26

precursor of niacin

Answer 26

tryptophan

Question 27

Excessive amounts of ___ can cause flushing due to vascular dilation, gastrointestinal problems, itching, and liver damage.

Answer 27

niacin

Question 28

extreme deficiency of vit b3/niacin causing sores on the skin, diarrhea, anxiety, confusion, irritability, poor memory, dizziness, and untimely death. (nangangapal yung skin)

Answer 28

Pellagra

Question 29

Essential for protein metabolism and absorption, and aids in the release of glucose from glycogen - Serves as a catalyst in conversion of tryptophan to niacin; helps synthesize neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine

Answer 29

B6 Pyridoxine

Question 29

vit b6 Deficiency symptoms include irritability, depression, and dermatitis Deficiency in infants can cause various neurological symptoms and abdominal problems

Answer 29

vit b6 Deficiency symptoms include irritability, depression, and dermatitis Deficiency in infants can cause various neurological symptoms and abdominal problems

Question 30

Needed for DNA synthesis, protein metabolism, and formation of hemoglobin

Answer 30

Folate / vit b9

Question 30

how many vit b9 is required 1 month before conception through first 6 weeks of pregnancy

Answer 30

600 µg/day

Question 31

Excess intake of this vitamin can mask vitamin B12 deficiency and inactivates phenytoin, an anticonvulsant drug used by epileptics

Answer 31

B9 / Folate

Question 32

deficiency Symptoms include megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia (if intrinsic factor absent), anorexia, glossitis, sore mouth, tongue, pallor, depression, dizziness, weight loss, neurological system damage

Answer 32

vit b 12 cobalamin

Question 32

Deficiency of this vitamin linked to neural tube defects in fetus, such as spina bifida (spinal cord or spinal fluid bulge through the back) and anencephaly (absence of the brain)

Answer 32

B9 / Folate

Question 32

- Involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins -Essential for synthesis of neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and steroid hormones -thought to be synthesized by the body

Answer 32

Vit B5/ Pantothenic Acid

Question 33

active form of vitamine d

Answer 33

calcitrol

Question 34

another disease cause by folate deficiency; a form of anemia characterized by very large red blood cells

Answer 34

megaloblastic anemia

Question 34

- contains mineral cobalt - Involved in folate metabolism, maintenance of the myelin sheath, and healthy red blood cells -To be absorbed, must bind with intrinsic factor in stomach.

Answer 34

B12 Cobalamin:

Question 35

Coenzyme in synthesis of fatty acids and amino acids Synthesized in intestine by micro- organisms

Answer 35

vitamin b7/ biotin

Question 36

- Has antioxidant properties and protects food from oxidation -Role in formation of collagen and absorption of nonheme iron -Prevents scurvy -May be involved with formation or functioning of norepinephrine, some amino acids, folate, leukocytes, the immune system, and allergic reactions

Answer 36

Vitamin C: Ascorbic Acid

Question 36

What disease results from a deficiency in vitamin C?

Answer 36

Scurvy: disease characterized by gingivitis, easy bruising, pinpoint hemorrhages of the skin, poor wound healing, sore joints and muscles, and weight loss. Extreme cases result in death. Found in sailors who lived without fresh fruits and vegetables