Vitamins Flashcards
Fat-soluble vits
ADEK
vit with different chemical
forms but serves the same purpose in the body
Vitamers
inactive form / substance which the body can synthesize specific vitamin
Precursor/Provitamin
Water-soluble vits
B C
Provitamin A
carotenoids
the active form of vitamin A
Retinol
A retinol equivalent is
1 µg retinol or 6 µg beta carotene
- Maintains healthy eyes and skin
- Normal bone growth and reproduction
- Healthy immune system
- Antioxidants that protect cells from free radicals
Functions of Vitamin A
D3 (cholecalciferol) is formed in humans
from cholesterol in the ?
skin.
vit that is a Prohormone: it is converted to a hormone in the body
Vitamin D
- Promotes calcium
and phosphorus
absorption in the
body - Values are given in
micrograms or in
international units.
Functions of Vitamin D
D2 (ergocalciferol) is formed in ?
plants.
changes provitamin to vitamin D3
Sunlight
malformed bones and
pain in infants
rickets
Tocopherols
-Alpha (most biologically active)
-Beta, delta, and gamma
Tocotrienols
Vitamin E
(softening of bones)
Osteomalacia
-Antioxidant
-Prevention of hemolytic anemia
among premature infants
- Enhances immune
system
-Retards spoilage of
commercial foods
Functions of Vitamin E
Your client asks you if it is possible to take too much vitamin E. How would you advise the client?
Relatively nontoxic, fat-
soluble vitamin. Excess stored in
adipose tissue. Avoid long-term
megadoses.
Vit E deficiency can cause?
Serious neurological
defects can occur from
malabsorption.
Vitamin K1
(phylloquinone) – from dietary
sources (green leafy vegies)
Vitamin K2
(menaquinone) – synthesized
in the intestine by bacteria
Made up of several compounds essential
to blood clotting
Vitamin K
Vitamin K is destroyed by ?
light and alkalis
Synthetic vitamin K
(menadione)
Antidote for an overdose of anticoagulant or
treatment of hemorrhage
vit K
Formation of prothrombin for clotting of
blood
Functions of Vitamin K
too much vit k can result to?
Anemia can result from
excessive amount of
synthetic vitamin K.
too little vit k can cause?
Defective blood coagulation, which increases
clotting time and makes client prone to hemorrhage
is a disease caused by extreme
deficiency of vitamin B1
Beriberi
vits that can Dissolve in water
- Easily destroyed by air, light, and cooking
Vit B complex and C
Necessary for the metabolism of
carbohydrates, protein, and fats; tissue maintenance (especially the skin around the mouth); and healthy eyes
Riboflavin/B2
Essential for nerve and muscle action, and metabolism of carbohydrates and some amino acids
Thiamin/B1
vit b2/riboflavin Deficiency can cause cheilosis (sores on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth); glossitis (inflammation of the tongue); dermatitis; and eye strain in the form of itching, burning, and eye fatigue
vit b2/riboflavin Deficiency can cause cheilosis (sores on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth); glossitis (inflammation of the tongue); dermatitis; and eye strain in the form of itching, burning, and eye fatigue
- Generic name for nicotinic acid and nicotinamide
- A coenzyme in energy metabolism
Vitamin B3/Niacin
precursor of niacin
tryptophan
Excessive amounts of ___ can cause flushing due to vascular dilation, gastrointestinal problems, itching, and liver damage.
niacin
extreme deficiency of vit b3/niacin causing sores on the skin, diarrhea, anxiety, confusion, irritability, poor memory,
dizziness, and untimely death. (nangangapal yung skin)
Pellagra
Essential for protein metabolism and absorption, and aids in the release of glucose from glycogen
- Serves as a catalyst in conversion of tryptophan to niacin; helps synthesize neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine
B6 Pyridoxine
vit b6 Deficiency symptoms include irritability, depression, and dermatitis
Deficiency in infants can cause various
neurological symptoms and abdominal
problems
vit b6 Deficiency symptoms include irritability, depression, and dermatitis
Deficiency in infants can cause various
neurological symptoms and abdominal
problems
Needed for DNA synthesis, protein
metabolism, and formation of hemoglobin
Folate / vit b9
how many vit b9 is required 1 month before
conception through first 6 weeks of pregnancy
600 µg/day
Excess intake of this vitamin can mask vitamin B12 deficiency and inactivates phenytoin, an
anticonvulsant drug used by epileptics
B9 / Folate
deficiency Symptoms include megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia (if intrinsic factor absent), anorexia, glossitis, sore mouth, tongue, pallor, depression, dizziness, weight loss, neurological system damage
vit b 12 cobalamin
Deficiency of this vitamin linked to neural tube defects in fetus, such as spina bifida (spinal cord or spinal fluid bulge through the back) and anencephaly (absence of the brain)
B9 / Folate
- Involved in metabolism of carbohydrates,
fats, and proteins
-Essential for synthesis of neurotransmitter
acetylcholine, and steroid hormones
-thought to be synthesized by the body
Vit B5/ Pantothenic Acid
active form of vitamine d
calcitrol
another disease cause by folate deficiency; a form of anemia characterized by very large red blood cells
megaloblastic anemia
- contains mineral cobalt
- Involved in folate metabolism,
maintenance of the myelin sheath, and healthy red blood cells
-To be absorbed, must bind with intrinsic factor in stomach.
B12 Cobalamin:
Coenzyme in synthesis of fatty acids and amino acids
Synthesized in intestine by micro-
organisms
vitamin b7/ biotin
- Has antioxidant properties and protects food from oxidation
-Role in formation of collagen and
absorption of nonheme iron
-Prevents scurvy
-May be involved with formation or
functioning of norepinephrine, some amino acids, folate, leukocytes, the immune system, and allergic reactions
Vitamin C: Ascorbic Acid
What disease results from a deficiency in vitamin C?
Scurvy: disease
characterized by gingivitis, easy bruising, pinpoint hemorrhages of
the skin, poor wound healing, sore joints and muscles, and weight
loss. Extreme cases result in death.
Found in sailors who
lived without fresh fruits
and vegetables
