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Nutri and Diet Therapy > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Fat-soluble vits

A

ADEK

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2
Q

vit with different chemical
forms but serves the same purpose in the body

A

Vitamers

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2
Q

inactive form / substance which the body can synthesize specific vitamin

A

Precursor/Provitamin

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2
Q

Water-soluble vits

A

B C

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3
Q

Provitamin A

A

carotenoids

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4
Q

the active form of vitamin A

A

Retinol

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5
Q

A retinol equivalent is

A

1 µg retinol or 6 µg beta carotene

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6
Q
  • Maintains healthy eyes and skin
  • Normal bone growth and reproduction
  • Healthy immune system
  • Antioxidants that protect cells from free radicals
A

Functions of Vitamin A

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7
Q

D3 (cholecalciferol) is formed in humans
from cholesterol in the ?

A

skin.

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7
Q

vit that is a Prohormone: it is converted to a hormone in the body

A

Vitamin D

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8
Q
  • Promotes calcium
    and phosphorus
    absorption in the
    body
  • Values are given in
    micrograms or in
    international units.
A

Functions of Vitamin D

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8
Q

D2 (ergocalciferol) is formed in ?

A

plants.

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9
Q

changes provitamin to vitamin D3

A

Sunlight

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10
Q

malformed bones and
pain in infants

A

rickets

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11
Q

Tocopherols
-Alpha (most biologically active)
-Beta, delta, and gamma

Tocotrienols

A

Vitamin E

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11
Q

(softening of bones)

A

Osteomalacia

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12
Q

-Antioxidant
-Prevention of hemolytic anemia
among premature infants
- Enhances immune
system
-Retards spoilage of
commercial foods

A

Functions of Vitamin E

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13
Q

Your client asks you if it is possible to take too much vitamin E. How would you advise the client?

A

Relatively nontoxic, fat-
soluble vitamin. Excess stored in
adipose tissue. Avoid long-term
megadoses.

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14
Q

Vit E deficiency can cause?

A

Serious neurological
defects can occur from
malabsorption.

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15
Q

Vitamin K1

A

(phylloquinone) – from dietary
sources (green leafy vegies)

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15
Q

Vitamin K2

A

(menaquinone) – synthesized
in the intestine by bacteria

15
Q

Made up of several compounds essential
to blood clotting

A

Vitamin K

16
Q

Vitamin K is destroyed by ?

A

light and alkalis

17
Q

Synthetic vitamin K

A

(menadione)

18
Q

Antidote for an overdose of anticoagulant or
treatment of hemorrhage

A

vit K

19
Q

Formation of prothrombin for clotting of
blood

A

Functions of Vitamin K

20
Q

too much vit k can result to?

A

Anemia can result from
excessive amount of
synthetic vitamin K.

21
Q

too little vit k can cause?

A

Defective blood coagulation, which increases
clotting time and makes client prone to hemorrhage

22
Q

is a disease caused by extreme
deficiency of vitamin B1

A

Beriberi

22
Q

vits that can Dissolve in water
- Easily destroyed by air, light, and cooking

A

Vit B complex and C

23
Q

Necessary for the metabolism of
carbohydrates, protein, and fats; tissue maintenance (especially the skin around the mouth); and healthy eyes

A

Riboflavin/B2

23
Q

Essential for nerve and muscle action, and metabolism of carbohydrates and some amino acids

A

Thiamin/B1

24
Q

vit b2/riboflavin Deficiency can cause cheilosis (sores on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth); glossitis (inflammation of the tongue); dermatitis; and eye strain in the form of itching, burning, and eye fatigue

A

vit b2/riboflavin Deficiency can cause cheilosis (sores on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth); glossitis (inflammation of the tongue); dermatitis; and eye strain in the form of itching, burning, and eye fatigue

25
Q
  • Generic name for nicotinic acid and nicotinamide
  • A coenzyme in energy metabolism
A

Vitamin B3/Niacin

26
Q

precursor of niacin

A

tryptophan

27
Q

Excessive amounts of ___ can cause flushing due to vascular dilation, gastrointestinal problems, itching, and liver damage.

A

niacin

28
Q

extreme deficiency of vit b3/niacin causing sores on the skin, diarrhea, anxiety, confusion, irritability, poor memory,
dizziness, and untimely death. (nangangapal yung skin)

A

Pellagra

29
Q

Essential for protein metabolism and absorption, and aids in the release of glucose from glycogen

  • Serves as a catalyst in conversion of tryptophan to niacin; helps synthesize neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine
A

B6 Pyridoxine

29
Q

vit b6 Deficiency symptoms include irritability, depression, and dermatitis

Deficiency in infants can cause various
neurological symptoms and abdominal
problems

A

vit b6 Deficiency symptoms include irritability, depression, and dermatitis

Deficiency in infants can cause various
neurological symptoms and abdominal
problems

30
Q

Needed for DNA synthesis, protein
metabolism, and formation of hemoglobin

A

Folate / vit b9

30
Q

how many vit b9 is required 1 month before
conception through first 6 weeks of pregnancy

A

600 µg/day

31
Q

Excess intake of this vitamin can mask vitamin B12 deficiency and inactivates phenytoin, an
anticonvulsant drug used by epileptics

A

B9 / Folate

32
Q

deficiency Symptoms include megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia (if intrinsic factor absent), anorexia, glossitis, sore mouth, tongue, pallor, depression, dizziness, weight loss, neurological system damage

A

vit b 12 cobalamin

32
Q

Deficiency of this vitamin linked to neural tube defects in fetus, such as spina bifida (spinal cord or spinal fluid bulge through the back) and anencephaly (absence of the brain)

A

B9 / Folate

32
Q
  • Involved in metabolism of carbohydrates,
    fats, and proteins

-Essential for synthesis of neurotransmitter
acetylcholine, and steroid hormones

-thought to be synthesized by the body

A

Vit B5/ Pantothenic Acid

33
Q

active form of vitamine d

A

calcitrol

34
Q

another disease cause by folate deficiency; a form of anemia characterized by very large red blood cells

A

megaloblastic anemia

34
Q
  • contains mineral cobalt
  • Involved in folate metabolism,
    maintenance of the myelin sheath, and healthy red blood cells
    -To be absorbed, must bind with intrinsic factor in stomach.
A

B12 Cobalamin:

35
Q

Coenzyme in synthesis of fatty acids and amino acids

Synthesized in intestine by micro-
organisms

A

vitamin b7/ biotin

36
Q
  • Has antioxidant properties and protects food from oxidation
    -Role in formation of collagen and
    absorption of nonheme iron
    -Prevents scurvy
    -May be involved with formation or
    functioning of norepinephrine, some amino acids, folate, leukocytes, the immune system, and allergic reactions
A

Vitamin C: Ascorbic Acid

36
Q

What disease results from a deficiency in vitamin C?

A

Scurvy: disease
characterized by gingivitis, easy bruising, pinpoint hemorrhages of
the skin, poor wound healing, sore joints and muscles, and weight
loss. Extreme cases result in death.

Found in sailors who
lived without fresh fruits
and vegetables

Nutri and Diet Therapy (9 decks)

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