Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutri and Diet Therapy > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen make up __% of body weight.

A

96

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

minerals, represent _% of body weight

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

-Inorganic elements necessary to build tissues, regulate body fluids, and assist in various body functions.
- Found in all body tissues
- Cannot provide energy by themselves but contribute to production of energy within
the body

A

Minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Required in amounts greater than 100 mg a day

A

Major minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Needed in amounts smaller than 100 mg a day

A

Trace minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Electrically charged atoms resulting from
mineral salts dissolved in water

A

Ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ions become ___ once it enter the body

A

electrolytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • Maintain the body’s fluid balance
  • Contribute to electrical balance
  • Assist in transmission of nerve impulses and contraction of muscles
  • Help regulate the body’s acid-base balance
A

Electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

occurs when concentrated forms
of minerals are taken regularly over time.

A

Toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

5 Major Minerals

A

l Calcium
l Phosphorus
l Potassium
l Sodium
l Chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

normal amount of calcium in blood

A

8-10 mg/dl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • Human body contains more of this mineral than any other mineral
  • In combination with phosphorus, gives strength and hardness to bones and teeth
  • Bones provide storage for calcium.
  • Needed for normal nerve and muscle action, blood clotting, heart function, and cell metabolism
A

Calcium (Ca)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hormone that deposits calcium to the bones

A

calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hormone that puts calcium in to the blood

A

parathyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

in increases calcium in bone

A

osteoclast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

increase bone mass if blood
calcium level is high until one is age 30– 35 years old.

A

osteoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bone mass will remain stable in women until ?

A

menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When vegetables contain ___ __, as spinach and Swiss chard do, the calcium remains unavailable because it prevents it from being absorbed

A

oxalic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When the intake of fiber exceeds 35 g a day, calcium will also bind with ___ (phosphorus
compounds found in some high-fiber cereals), which also limits its absorption.

A

phytates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 factors Enhances absorption of calcium

A
  • Vitamin D
  • Calcium-to-phosphorus ratio that includes no more phosphorus than calcium
  • Presence of lactose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

age group that requires the most amount of calcium

A

9 -18 = 1,300 mg and pregnant / lactating women

15
Q

has the highest concentration of bioavailable calcium

A

Calcium carbonate

16
Q

characterized by involuntary muscle movement, results from insufficient calcium in
the blood.

A

Tetany / chvostek sign

17
Q

condition that can affect calcium deposits; pt can experience severe hypocalcemia

A

thyroidectomy

18
Q

carpopedal spasm by inflaion of sphygmomanometer for 3 mins

A

trousseu sign

19
Q

Constituent of all body cells
- Necessary for the formation of strong, rigid bones and teeth; metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; proper acid-base balance; and effective action of several B vitamins

A

Phosphorus

20
Q

Phosphorus is Stored in bones; absorption is increased
in the presence of vitamin?

A

Vit d

21
Q

Excessive use of __ affects vit D absorption

A

antacids

22
Q

-Found primarily in intracellular fluid
-Essential for fluid balance and osmosis
-Maintains fluid level within the cell
- Necessary for transmitting nerve impulses and muscle contractions

A

Potassium

23
Q

Potassium
Deficiency = ____

  • Caused by diarrhea, vomiting, diabetic acidosis, severe malnutrition, or excessive use of laxatives or diuretics

Symptoms include nausea, anorexia, fatigue, muscle weakness, and heart abnormalities

A

hypokalemia

23
Q

Potassium Excess = ___

-Caused by dehydration, renal failure, excessive intake

-Cardiac failure can result.

A

hyperkalemia

23
Q

normal potassium in blood

A

3.5 - 5

23
Q
  • Primary function is the control of fluid balance in the body
  • Maintains acid-base balance
  • Participates in the transmission of nerve impulses essential for normal muscle function
A

Sodium

24
Q

people with renal failure have excess potassium that can lead to cardiac failure

A

people with renal failure have excess potassium that can lead to cardiac failure

24
Q

normal sodium

A

135 - 145

25
Q

DRI for sodium is

A

1,500 mg

25
Q

Tolerable upper limit of sodium is

A

5,800 mg

26
Q

One teaspoon of table salt contains___ mg of sodium.

A

2,000

27
Q
  • Essential for maintenance of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
  • Found in hydrochloric acid, cerebrospinal fluid, and muscle and nerve tissue
  • Helps blood carry carbon dioxide to the lungs and is necessary during immune responses when white blood cells attack foreign cells
A

Chloride

27
Q

too much can cause edema and resulting
hypertension

Associated with hypertension and
congestive heart failure

A

Sodium Excess

28
Q

-vital to both hard and soft body tissues
-Essential for metabolism
-Regulates nerve and muscle function
-Plays a role in the blood-clotting process

A

Magnesium

29
Q
  • Necessary to all body tissue and for metabolism
  • Contributes to the characteristic odor of burning hair and tissue
  • Component of some amino acids
  • Found in protein-rich foods
A

Sulfur

30
Q
  • Delivers oxygen to body tissues
  • Component of hemoglobin
  • Component of myoglobin, a protein compound in muscles that provides oxygen to cells
  • Used by enzymes that are involved in making amino acids, hormones, and neurotransmitters
A

Iron (Fe)

30
Q

is a condition resulting from an inborn error of metabolism that causes excessive absorption of iron.

– To control buildup of iron, clients with this condition must give blood on a regular basis.

A

Hemochromatosis

31
Q

-Component of thyroid hormones,
thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3)

  • Necessary for the normal functioning of the thyroid gland, which determines rate of metabolism
  • Sources include iodized salt, seafood, and some plant foods grown in soil
    bordering the sea
A

Iodine

32
Q

a condition of
hypothyroidism in adults

A

Myxedema

33
Q

is low thyroid in a child; physical and mental development are retarded

A

Cretinism

34
Q
  • Cofactor for more than 300 enzymes
  • Essential for growth, wound healing, taste acuity, glucose tolerance, and mobilization of vitamin A within the body
A

Zinc

35
Q
  • Found in all tissues; heaviest concentration in the liver, kidneys, muscles, and brain
  • Helps in formation of hemoglobin; aids in transport of iron to bone marrow for the
    formation of red blood cells; and participates in energy production
A

Copper

36
Q
  • Increases resistance to dental caries, and may strengthen teeth and bones

-Deficiency can result in increased tooth decay.
- Excess can cause permanent discoloration or mottling of children’s teeth.

A

Fluoride

37
Q

is an inherited condition causing damage to liver cells and neurons. Detected early, copper-binding agents may be used to bind copper in the
bloodstream and increase excretion.

A

Wilson’s disease

Nutri and Diet Therapy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions