Lesson 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The breakdown of food in the body in
preparation for absorption

A

Digestion

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2
Q

food is broken into
smaller pieces by teeth and moved along
the gastrointestinal tract by peristalsis.

A

Mechanical digestion

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2
Q

carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats are broken down with
the addition of water (hydrolysis) into
nutrients that tissues can absorb and use

A

Chemical digestion

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2
Q

act as a catalyst, which
speeds up the chemical reactions without
itself being changed in the process

A

enzyme

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2
Q

-Food travels through this
muscular tube.
-Connects mouth to stomach
- Peristalsis and gravity act to
move bolus

A

Esophagus

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2
Q

Chemical changes occur through?

A

hydrolysis

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2
Q

Enzyme that acts on starch.

A

(salivary amylase or ptyalin)

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2
Q

What symptom results when the cardiac
sphincter does not close properly? What is the name of the condition?

A

Indigestion or heartburn occurs as a result of
stomach acid flowing back into the
esophagus. This is called gastroesophageal reflux.

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2
Q

(food that is ready
to be swallowed

A

Bolus

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3
Q

It is the only organ that secretes the intrinsic factor for vitamin B12.

A

Stomach

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4
Q

funtion of intrinsic factor in the stomach

A

binds vitamin B12 so that it can be absorbed in the intestines

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4
Q

enzyme that breaks down proteins

A

pepsin

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4
Q

 Temporary storage of food
 Mixing of food with gastric juices

Regulation of a slow, controlled emptying
of food into the intestine

A

stomach

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5
Q

In children, ____ breaks down milk
proteins, and _____ breaks down
the butterfat molecules of milk.

A

rennin, gastric lipase

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6
Q

Identify the three parts of the stomach

A

fundus
body
pylorus

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7
Q

lack of intrinsic factors in the stomach can cause what disease

A

pernicious anemia

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8
Q

hormones that causes pancreas to release sodium bicarbonate to neutralize acidity of chyme.

A

secretin

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9
Q

 Emulsifies fat after it is secreted into small
intestine
 Produced in liver; stored in gallbladder

A

bile

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10
Q

pancreatic enzymes that split proteins

A

Pancreatic proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin,
carboxypeptidases)

10
Q

pancreatic enzymes that converts starches
(polysaccharides) to simple sugars

A

Pancreatic amylase

10
Q

pancreatic enzymes that reduces fats to fatty acids and glycerol

A

Pancreatic lipase

10
Q

enzyme found in SMALL INTESTINE that reduce proteins to amino acids

A

Peptidases

11
Q

 Prepares foods for absorption
 Produces enzymes
 Lactase, maltase, sucrase convert
lactose, maltose, sucrose to simple
sugars.

A

Small intestine

12
Q

sections of small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ilieum

13
Absorb water  Synthesize some B vitamins and vitamin K  Collect food residue
Large Intestine
14
why does large intestine do not get ulcer despite the acidity of chyme?
because colon walls secrete mucus to protect it against acidic digestive juices in chyme.
15
it produces gastric acid
parietal cells
16
secretes hydrochloric acid
gastric pits
16
where does CARBOHYDRATE digestion starts?
mouth
16
where does FAT digestion starts?
small intestine
17
where does PROTEIN digestion starts?
stomach
18
The passage of nutrients into the blood or lymphatic system.
Absorption
19
where does most absorption occurs?
small intestine
20
- a hairlike projections that increase surface area for maximum absorption. - absorb nutrients from the chyme and transfer them to the bloodstream.
Villi
21
type of metabolism that is also called oxidation, it combines nutrients WITH oxygen within each cell
Aerobic metabolism,
21
- The transformation of nutrients into energy within the cell - Occurs after digestion and absorption; - nutrients are carried by the blood to the cells of the body
Metabolism
22
type of metabolism that reduces fats WITHOUT the use of oxygen
Anaerobic metabolism
23
- Medical standard used to define obesity - Used to determine whether a person is at health risk from excess weight
Body Mass Index
24
The complete oxidation of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Krebs cycle
25
the process of using energy from oxidation to create new compounds.
Anabolism
25
is the breakdown of compounds during metabolism
Catabolism
26
used to determine the energy values of foods.
bomb calorimeter
26
- The rate at which energy is needed for body maintenance - The energy necessary to carry on all involuntary vital processes while the body is at rest - Also known as resting energy expenditure (REE)
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
27
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) -Factors that affect BMR: lean body mass, body size, sex, age, heredity, physical condition, and climate -BMR is greater in men than women. -BMR increases during growth and fever. -BMR decreases with age and during starvation.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) -Factors that affect BMR: lean body mass, body size, sex, age, heredity, physical condition, and climate -BMR is greater in men than women. -BMR increases during growth and fever. -BMR decreases with age and during starvation.
28
formula in calculating the BMR
Harris-Benedict equation
29
During metabolism, carbohydrates and proteins are combined with oxygen in a process called ___
oxidation