Carnohydrates Flashcards
- Primary source of energy for the body
- Least expensive and most abundant of
the energy nutrients
carbohydrates
3 main chemical components of carbs
carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen
4 functions of carbs
-Provide energy
-Protein-sparing action
-Normal fat metabolism
- Provide fiber
stored form of carbs
glycogen
A half day’s supply of carbohydrates is
stored in the ___ and ___ for use as
needed.
liver and muscles
1 gram of carbs is equal to how many calories?
4
the only monosaccharide that cells allow to enter
glucose
glucose is alco called as?
dextrose
all forms of carbs will turn into?
glucose
three factors that only uses glucose as fuel?
CNS, RBC, and Brain
glucose is the only one who can enter the cell by the help of?
insulin
another term for fructose
levulose / fruit sugar
example of glucose
Berries, grapes, sweet corn, and corn syrup
example of fructose
Ripe fruits, honey, and soft drinks
Product of the digestion of milk
Galactose
table sugar
sucrose
glucose + fructose
sucrose
3 common disaccharide?
Sucrose, maltose, and lactose
One of the sweetest and least expensive DISACCHARIDE sugars
sucrose
- Intermediary product in the hydrolysis of
starch - Not as sweet as glucose or sucrose
Maltose
- Sugar found in milk
- Distinct from other sugars in that it is not
found in plants - Helps body absorb calcium
- Not as sweet as monosaccharides or other
disaccharides
Lactose
-Complex carbohydrates
-Compounds of many monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
stored form og glucose in plants, and in human?
starch, glycogen
3 Important polysaccharides in nutrition
Starch Glycogen Fiber
starch is found in?
grains and vegetables (root crops)
Sometimes called animal starch because it is
the storage form of glucose in the body
Glycogen
Hormone helps liver convert glycogen to glucose as needed
glucagon
It is indigestible because it cannot be broken
down by digestive enzymes.
Fiber
Sources of Polysaccharides
cereals, grains, potatoes, corn,
beans, and yams
Starch
Sources of Polysaccharides
glucose stored in liver and
muscles
Glycogen
Sources of Polysaccharides
wheat bran, whole-grain
cereals, fruits, green, and leafy
vegetables
Cellulose
Sources of Polysaccharides
whole grains
Hemicellulose:
