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GI 5 > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

essential fatty acids

A
  • alpha linoleic and linolenic acid

- eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

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2
Q

function of essential fatty acids

A
  • eicosanoid synthesis
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3
Q

deficiency of essential fatty acids

A
  • scaly dermatitis
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4
Q

marasmus

A
  • from low overall caloric intake
  • slowed growth and loss of muscle
  • serum albumin levels are normal
  • extremities are impaired
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5
Q

Kwashiorkor

A
  • protein intake is low but overall caloric intake is normal
  • hypoalbuminemia (edema and swelling)
  • hyperpigmentation, fatty liver
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6
Q

function of vitamin A

A
  • normal vision
  • cell growth and differentiation
  • resistance to infections
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7
Q

vitamin A deficiency

A
  • night blindness
  • epithelial metaplasia: xerophthalmia (dry eye)
  • immune deficiency
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8
Q

function of vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

A
  • used to make FMN and FAD
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9
Q

vitamin B2 deficiency

A
  • ariboflavinosis
  • inflammation of the corners of the mouth
  • magenta tongue
  • dermatitis
  • vision problems
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10
Q

function of vitamin B1 (thiamine)

A
  • cofactor for alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase which is used for metabolism of branched chain amino acids
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11
Q

vitamin B1 deficiency

A
  • commonly affects alcoholics
  • wet beriberi (high output cardiac failure)
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: polyneuropathy, pain in limbs, disorientation, confusion, double vision
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12
Q

function of niacin

A
  • produces NAD+ and NADH

- can be used as a treatment for high cholesterol because it raises HDL

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13
Q

deficiency of niacin

A
  • pellagra: dermatitis, mental confusion (dementia), diarrhea, and death (4D’s)
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14
Q

function of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

A
  • cofactor for transamination reactions in amino acid metabolism
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15
Q

deficiency of vitamin B6

A
  • sideroblastic anemia: cannot make heme
  • affects peripheral nerves, skin and circulatory system
  • all but 2 AAs become essential
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16
Q

function of folate

A
  • conversion of dUMP to dTMP
  • transfer of methyl groups in several reactions
  • used to produce thymine for DNA
17
Q

deficiency of folate

A
  • homocystenemia, megaloblastic anemia, and NTD

- inhibition of DNA synthesis

18
Q

function of vitamin B12

A
  • 2 major reactions: homocysteine to methionine and methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA
19
Q

requirements for homocysteine to methionine

A
  • both B12 and folate

- deficiencies in either will lead to high homocysteine levels

20
Q

requirements for methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA

A
  • only B12

- deficiency of B12 will lead to high levels of methylmalonyl-CoA

21
Q

cause of megaloblastic anemia

A
  • decreased synthesis of thymine and purine bases (A,G)
22
Q

function of vitamin C

A
  • activation of precursors for hydroxylation of procollagen, synthesis of collagen
  • antioxidant
23
Q

deficiency of vitamin C

A
  • scurvy
  • early symptoms are malaise and lethargy
  • lack of collagen formation leads to spots on the skin (legs), soft gums and bleeding
  • eventually leads to loss of teeth, jaundice and death
24
Q

function of vitamin D

A
  • stimulates calcium absorption

- bone mineralization

25
Q

deficiency of vitamin D

A
  • Rickets in neonates

- osteomalacia- bone is weakened due to reaction with PTH

26
Q

function of vitamin E

A
  • antioxidant preventing ROS
  • immune function
  • inhibit platelet aggregation
27
Q

deficiency of vitamin E

A
  • neuropathy, ataxia, skeletal myopathy, retinopathy, and immune problems
  • ataxia and vit E defiency (AVED)
28
Q

function of vitamin K

A
  • cofactor for a carboxylase in the pathway that produces coagulation factors
29
Q

deficiency of vitamin K

A
  • bleeding problems
30
Q

function of zinc

A
  • cell division, DNA replication, and metabolism of dietary compounds
  • sexual maturation
31
Q

deficiency of zinc

A
  • slowed growth, lack of wound healing, delayed sexual maturation, malnutrition
32
Q

function of iron

A
  • oxygen transport, respiration

- cofactor in synthesis of serotonin and other reactions

33
Q

deficiency of iron

A
  • microcytic anemia, delayed growth, brittle nails and hair

- MHCH and MVC will be low

34
Q

function of calcium

A
  • bone structure and function
35
Q

deficiency of calcium

A
  • linked to vitamin D

- brittle bones

GI 5 (22 decks)

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