Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics Flashcards
equation for clearance
- C = rate of elimination / concentration
potent drugs on therapeutic dose curves
- found further to the left
5 mechanisms of death in poisoning
- CNS depression
- cardiovascular collapse
- cellular hypoxia
- seizures
- vivid hallucinations resulting in self-inflicted wounds
drugs that can cause CNS depression
- benzodiazepines
- narcotics
- barbiturates
- alcohol
- patients die of respiratory arrest, airway obstruction, or aspiration of gastric contents
signs of cardiovascular collapse
- hypotension
- hypovolemia
- arrythmias
- hyperthermia/hypothermia
drugs that can cause cellular hypoxia
- cyanide, H2S, CO
signs of cellular hypoxia
- tachycardia
- hypotension
- severe lactic acidosis
drugs that can cause seizures at high doses
- INH
- diphenhydramine
- cocaine and amphetamine
- patients may die from hypothermia
drugs that often cause hallucinations resulting in self-inflicted wounds
- PCP
- LSD
ABCDs of poisoning treatment
- airway, breathing, circulation, dextrose
situations where arterial PO2 may be normal
- severe CO or cyanide poisonings
calculation of anion gap
- anion gap = (Na + K + unmeasured cations) - (HCO3 + Cl + unmeasured anions) = 10-16
drugs that commonly have abnormal anion gaps
- methanol
- ethylene glycol
- isoniazid
oxalate crystals in urine is common with what poisoning
- ethylene glycol
increased serum creatinine kinase (CK) and myoglobin in urine suggest..
- muscle breakdown from seizures or muscular rigidity
situations where osmolal gap are disturbed
- ethanol, methanol, ethylene glycol, isopropranol poisoning
two common causes of prolongation of QRS intervals by 100 millisec
- TCAs (amytripyline)
- quinidine overdose
symptoms of digitalis poisoning
- AV block
- atrial and ventricular arrhythmia’s
4 methods of detoxification of GI tract
- emesis: DONT use ipecac
- gastric lavage
- activated charcoal
- cathartics
