Infants with Special Needs

Question 1

composition of human milk

Answer 1

• carbs: primarily lactose, also oligosaccharides
• fat: primarily TG
• protein: casein (30%), whey (70%): lactoferrin, secretory IgA, alpha-lactalbumin, and others
• water: 87.5% by volume

Question 2

colostrum

Answer 2

• secreted 1-5 days
• high in beta carotene
• rich in proteins and immunoglobulins
• lower in fat and lactose
• high in fat soluble vitamins A and E
• promotes establishment of bifidus flora in GI tract

Question 3

transitional milk

Answer 3

• up to day 15

- composition changes gradually with increasingly high concentrations of fats, lactose, and water soluble vitamins

Question 4

mature milk

Answer 4

• day 15 on

- stable composition

Question 5

weaning milk

Answer 5

• protein and fat concentrations increase as involution of the mammary glands occurs and the total volume decreases

Question 6

function of DHA

Answer 6

• cognitive and visual development

Question 7

dietary sources of DHA

Answer 7

• fish oils, egg lipids, dietary supplements

Question 8

criteria used to identify infants with failure to thrive

Answer 8

• growth below the 2nd percentile on CDC growth charts
• weight less than 80-90% of the median weight-for-age
• drop in weight or stature across two or more percentile lines

Question 9

defective enzyme in galactosemia

Answer 9

• galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase

Question 10

symptoms of galactosemia

Answer 10

• symptoms appear after exposure to milk
• early symptoms: failure to thrive, hypoglycemia, jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea, aminoaciduria
• long term symptoms: MR, cataracts, cirrhosis, renal and ovarian damage