Vitamin/LIPIDS D/0 Flashcards
What deficiency causes these two conditions:
Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
Protein energy deficiency.
Kwashiorkor is strict protein def causing kids with bloated stomach, puffy.
Marasmus is protein and energy def causing an almost starved state.
What skin condition is associated with Celiac Dz?
Signs?
Dermatitis herpetiformis: pruritic papulovesicles on extensor surfaces.
IDA, osteoporosis, D, steatorrhea, weight loss, amenorrhea, delayed puberty, reduced fertility, muscle wasting, malabsorption.
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
Store in the “ADEK”.
Vitamin B1 is what ?
The usual cause?
Other causes.
What condition is this associated with?
Thiamine.
Chronic EtOH with poor dietary intake.
AIDS, malignancy, hyperemis gravidarum, dialysis.
Wet Beriberi: Think CHF, high output cardiac failure.
Dry Beriberi: Wernicke’s encephalopathy: opthalmoplegia, ataxia, altered mental status.
When chronic get Korsakoff’s: irreversible, short term memory loss, confabulation.
Vitamin B3 is what?
What is chronic niacin deficiency known as? Characterized by?
Niacin.
Pellagra which results from inadequate niacin/Tryptophan in the Vegan diet.
The 4 D’s: Dermatitis, D, dementia, Death
What is B-6?
Causes of deficiency?
Mild sxs?
Severe sxs?
Pyridoxine.
Acquired through use of Isoniazid,
Glossitis(red beefy tongue), cheilosis, weakness, irritability.
Peripheral neuropathy, Sideroblastic anemia, szs.
B12 is what?
What is a Cause of B12 deficiency and how do you test for it?
What else can cause megaloblastic anemia?
Other causes of B12 deficiency
Hydroxocobalamin. Pernicious anemia (megaloblastic anemia): test is anti intrinsic factor antibody test Folic acid def Alcoholic, gastric bypass, Crohn's, Celiac, long term use of acid reducing medications.
Vit C def causes what classic sxs?
Etiologies?
Scurvy: bleeding gum dz, poor wound healing, skin hemorrhages.
Etoh, tobacco use, elderly, malignancy.
Vit A Def causes what?
What can excessive carotene cause? Mild? Severe?
Night blindness; leading cause of blindness in 3rd world countries.
Orange/yellow skin. Increased ICP, HAs, hepatomegaly
What electrolytes does Vit D control?
What does Vit D deficiency cause in children and adults?
What can vit D toxicity cause and the sxs?
Ca and Phosphate levels.
Children: Rickets (bowing), impaired growth, dental pain.
Adults: osteomalacia, chronic bone pain, dental pain.
Hypercalcemia due to increased parathyroid hormone: Bones (pain), Stones (Renal, Biliary), Abd groans, thrones (polyuria) and psych overtones (confusion, psychosis).
Why is Vit K given to newborn?
What can cause Vit K deficiency?
What meds can cause Vit K deficiency?
Hemorrhagic dz of the newborn, so they are given Vit K injection at birth.
Liver Dz: Vit K can’t get recycled so K goes down and INR goes up. Meds: cholestyramine, warfarin, some cephalosporin
What meds can contribute to Dyslipidemia?
Thiazides, glucocorticoids, B Blocker
What is Inborn errors of Metabolism?
Sxs in a neonate?
Impairs synthesis or catabolism (body can’t break down) or causes accumulation of toxins in body.
Fine at birth, then sepsis like decompensation: poor feeding, V, failure to thrive, altered mental status, lethargy
What is phenylketonuria?
When is this tested?
S/S?
Treatment?
PKU: birth defect causing amino acid phenylalanine to build up in body.
Heel stick 1-2 days after baby is born.
Tremors, stunted growth, hyperactivity, eczema, musty odor.
Treatment is a diet limiting foods high in protein. If this isn’t followed then can lead to intellectual and behavioral problems.
What is a finding of severe hypertriglyceridemia?
A sign?
Acute pancreatitis.
Sign is a corneal arcus: lipid deposits in periphery of corneal stromal layer.
