Neurology Flashcards
Myasthenia Gravis: Who does this affect? How does this affect muscles? There are 3 categories of sxs. How do they present? What is seen in a lab for this disease? Treatment?
Young woman and older men.
Ocular:Ptosis and diplopia.
Causes generalized muscle weakness and fatigability.
Bulbar(relates to medulla; affecting CN VII-XII): dysarthria(motor speech d/o), dysphagia(difficulty swallowing), fatigable chewing.
Proximal limb weakness.
Acetylcholine receptor antibodies.
Tx with pyridostigmine.
What is Guillian-Barre Syndrome? What is the MC precipitation? How do you describe the muscle weakness? What do you need to monitor? Tx?
Idiopathic polyneuropathy.
campylobacter jejuni(GI illness causing D).
Other causes are minor infections, immunizations, surgery.
Symmetric LE weakness that begins distally and ascends.
Monitor respiratory status: diaphragmatic weakness.
Plasmapheresis, IV immunoglobulins, PT/OT/Speech
Brainstem Hemorrhage:
Eye signs with a Pontine hemorrhage?
Eye signs with a Cerebellar hemorrhage?
Pontine = pinpoint pupils. Cerebellar = lost pupillary reflex.
What are partial szs?
What is a simple seizure?
What is a complex seizure?
Partial seizures are focal.
The simple type is conscious and may have aura.
The complex type has automatisms(lip smacking, picking at clothes, fumbling)impaired consciousness and staring
What is an Absence sz?
What is the tx?
Staring spell, starts in childhood.
Treat with ethosuximide or valproic acid
What is the Locked-In Syndrome?
What area of the brain does it damage?
A stroke damages part of the brainstem(pons).
The body is paralyzed and most of the facial muscles, but consciousness remains and ability to perform certain eye movements is preserved.
Targets myelinated axons in the CNS–plaques in 2 areas: spinal cord (cervical) and optic nerve.
Intraneuclear opthalmoplegia.
Name disease.
MS
How do you treat Gillian-Barre Syndrome?
Monitor respiratory status–diaphragmatic weakness;
Plasmapheresis;
IV immunoglobulins
PT
Huntington Disease:
Characteristics?
CT findings?
Autosomal dominant: trinucleotide repeat
Progressive chorea and dementia.
Cerebral atrophy.
What nerve root is damaged with inability to maintain plantar flexion of the foot and asymmetric ankle jerk reflex.
S1
What does the L5 control?
Foot and big toe dorsiflexion.
Seizure where the person is conscious. It can be motor, sensory or autonomic and may exhibit tonic-clonic activity of a limb or a transient altered sensory perception that may spread to entire side of body.
Simple Seizure (focal)
What is the diagnostic finding for MS?
What is the treatment of choice for MS spasticity?
Oligoclonal bands and myelin basic protein found in CSF.
Baclofen
What is this condition in an 80 year old: abnormal wide shuffling gait, dementia and urinary incontinence?
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.
This can be reversed with treatment.
What do you Not see in Alzheimer’s?
Abnormal gait and urinary incontinence.
