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PANRE Review 2016 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

How do you make the diagnosis of DM:
Fasting glucose?
Random glucose?
Blood sugar after oral glucose?

A

> 126.
200 + sxs.
200.

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2
Q

Classic labs for DKA?

What are the lab values for DKA?

A

Ketones in blood or urine, low CO2, increased serum osmolality.
Glucose >250, Bicarbonate <18, pH <7.3, check urine or serum ketones.

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3
Q

Sulfonyureas do what for DM management?

Name a drug. What is a side effect?

A

Get pancreas to release more insulin.

Glipizide: hypoglycemia

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4
Q

Bigunaides do what for DM management?

Name a drug. Side effect?

A

Suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis.

Metformin: Lactic acidosis

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5
Q

Thiazolidenediones doe what in DM management?

Name a drug?

A

Increase the body’s sensitivity to insulin.

Position(Actos)

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6
Q

Pituitary Dwarfism characteristics are?

A

Normal intelligence and normal body proportions.

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7
Q

All patients with idiopathic hypopituitarism should be screened for what other disorder?

A

Hemochromatosis

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8
Q

What is a side effect of Metformin?

What do you need to keep in mind before imaging with contrast?

A

Lactic acidosis.
Need to determine last dose of Metformin, because contrast dye decreases ability of kidney to excrete Metformin so Lactic acid can build up.

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9
Q

In a patient with DM and hypertension, what is a good antihypertensive drug?
What can be an issue with a BBlocker in someone with asthma?

A

ACEI: catopril.

BB may induce bronchospasm.

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10
Q

What is the MC pathophysiology behind Addison’s Disease?

A

Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex causing adrenal insufficiency.

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11
Q

What is the initial tx for DKA?

A

Fluids: IV salines

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12
Q

What is the diagnosis with elevated TSH and low T3?

A

Hypothyroidism

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13
Q

What is the diagnosis with decreased TSH and increased T3?

A

Hyperthyroidism.

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14
Q

Name the disorder: fatigue, weakness, anorexia, weight loss, darkening of skin, electrolyte abnormalities (hyponatremia, hyperkalemia).
Gold Standard Test?

A 
Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison's):  autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex; low AM plasma cortisol.
Cosyntropin stimulation test(looking for serum cortisol rise)
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15
Q

Name this disorder: buffalo hump, moon face, pigmented abdominal striae.
What is the test of choice?

A

Cushings (excess cortisol).

24 hour urine free cortisol.

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16
Q

What is the diagnosis of a decreased T4 and TSH that is not appropriately elevated?

A

Secondary hypothyroidism. Need MRI–checking for hypothalmic or pituitary pathology

17
Q

What is the treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism–acute hypercalcemic crisis?

A

IV hydration, Bisphosphonates,

Furosemide may promote urinary calcium excretion

18
Q

What condition causes: HA, sweating, heart palpitations with markedly elevated BP and has a lab finding of elevated urine metanephrines.

A

Benign tumor in the adrenal gland called pheochromocytoma.

19
Q

What is CREST syndrome associated with?

A

Scleroderma

20
Q

Name the disorder that presents with: Serositis (Heart-pericarditis, lungs or peritoneal); Discoid Rash; ANA; Arthritis; proteinuria, cellular casts; hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia; sz, psychoses.
What do you see in the CBC lab?

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematous.

Decreased WBC, anemia, low PLTs

21
Q

Name the disorder: malaise, fever, dry cough, erythema nodosum or enlargement of parotid glands, CXR: bilateral hilar enlargement.
What is the serum abnormality?

A

Sarcoidosis.

Elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme.

22
Q

What is another disorder that hypothyroidism can cause?

A

Macrocytosis–Pernicious anemia

23
Q

Paget’s disease of the bone: what are lab findings?

A

Normal calcium, increased ALP, increased urinary hydroxyproline level.

24
Q

What are signs of hypoglycemia?

A

Sweating, confusion, seizures and may cause localized neurological signs like hemiplegia

25
Q

What are some physical signs of hyperthyroidism?

A

Stare and lid lag
Tachycardia, widened pulse pressure, systolic HTN
Warm, smooth skin

26
Q

In Addision’s, what is the most prominent CMP lab findings:

A

Hyperkalemia: hypoaldosteronism means less urinary excretion of potassium
Hyponatremia: Sodium wasting,

PANRE Review 2016 (22 decks)

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