GUnrinary

Question 1

What is the finding on EKG for hyperkalemia?

Answer 1

EKG: peaked T waves.

Question 2

What are causes of hypernatremia?

Answer 2

Excessive Sweating, GI losses, Diabetes Insipidous.

Question 3

Causes of Hyponatremia?

Answer 3

Reduced effective arterial blood volume: Heart Failure, Cirrhosis.
SIADH.
Hormonal changes: Hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency.
Renal Failure.

Question 4

What are the causes of Respiratory Acidosis?

Answer 4

Increased PCO2.

Caused by COPD, pneumonia, neuromuscular disease.

Question 5

What are the causes of Respiratory Alkalosis?

Answer 5

Decreased PCO2.
Caused by sepsis, PE, anxiety, salicylate toxicity, hypoxia.
Hyperventilate.

Question 6

What causes nonanion gap metabolic acidosis?

Answer 6

Loss of HCO3 with no change in anion gap. Usually high CL.

Caused by Diarrhea and renal loss.

Question 7

What causes Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis–name the neumonic.

Answer 7

Decreased HCO3.
Cause by MUDPILES:
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Propylene glycol
Iron, isoniazid, inborn errors of metabolism
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates

Question 8

What causes Metabolic Aklalosis?

Answer 8

Increased HCO3.
Caused by loss of H and Cl through Vomiting; Diarrhea and Diuresis is loss of CL.
hypercalcemia

Question 9

What is the best lab to accurately measure kidney function?

What is the leading cause of acute kidney injury? Post renal Cause?

Answer 9

Cr.

Acute Tubular Necrosis. Post renal cause of ATN is obstruction: Big Prostate

Question 10

What is the first line treatment for BPH?

2nd line if concerned about hypotension.

Answer 10

Terazosin (Alpha 1-antagonist that can cause severe Hypotension).
Finasteride.

Question 11

How do you calculate the anion gap?

Answer 11

Na - (HCO3 + CL)

Question 12

What is the treatment for prostatitis in <35 and >35

Answer 12

Usu STIs in younger so tx with Ceftriaxone and Doxy for 10 days. Older treat with Cipro for 14 days.

Question 13

What is the antibiotic used to treat prostatitis?

Answer 13

A “floxacin” like: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin

Question 14

What is the diagnosis study of choice with nephrolithiasis?

Answer 14

Non contrast CT

Question 15

What is this kidney disorder: proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, hyperlipidemia, foamy urine.
What is this syndrome associated with?

Answer 15

Nephrotic Syndrome: glomerular disease that may be due to primary glomerular disease or secondary to systemic disease.
Hypercoagulable state: DVT.

Question 16

What is this kidney disorder: sudden appearance of hematuria, proteinuria, RBC casts in urine, HTN, usually after a strep infection

Answer 16

Acute glomerulonephritis (post streptococcal)

Question 17

What hypertensive med is contraindicated in patients with severe renal artery stenosis?

Answer 17

ACE I

Question 18

What is the basic difference between nephrotic and nephritic syndrome?

Answer 18

Nephrotic: loss of protein
Nephritic: Loss of a lot of blood.

Question 19

What is the diagnostic study of choice for polycystic kidney dz?

Answer 19

US

Question 20

A 28 year old male with a mass in the L Testes that is firm and doesn’t transluminate. What is the blood test that would be most beneficial?

Answer 20

AFP, B-hCG

Question 21

What causes a positive dipstick for blood where no RBCs are seen in the microscopic examination?

Answer 21

Hemoglobinuria
Myoglobinuria(skeletal muscle breakdown)

Question 22

What are the two MC organisms causing acute bacterial prostatitis?

Answer 22

E. coli, and Proteus.