Vitamin ABCDEK deficiency

Question 1

What is Vitamin deficiency?

Answer 1

A lack of a vitamin in the body.

Question 2

How might you get a vitamin deficiency in general?

Answer 2

> Poor intake
Poor absorption
Overuse
Over removal

Question 3

How do you get Vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 3

> Dietary 
> Iron deficiency
> Fibrosis
> Pancreatic insufficiency
> IBD
> Small bowel surgery

Question 4

What is the epidemiology of Vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 4

It is common in poorer countries, especially among children and women of reproductive age, but rarely is seen in more developed countries

Question 5

What are the signs and symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 5

> Night Blindness and xeropthalmia
Bitot’s spots
Imtiaz’s sign
Infection

Question 6

What are the management of vitamin deficiency?

Answer 6

> Replacement
Diet modification
Dealing with associated problems

Question 7

What investigations would you do for vitamin deficiency?

Answer 7

> Clinical diagnosis

> Blood test

Question 8

What is vitamin B?

Answer 8

There are 8 B vitamins:
B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12.

They play an important role in cell metabolism

Question 9

What are the B vitamin deficiencies?

Answer 9

B1- Beriberi (nervous system disease)
B2- Riboflavin deficiency (ariboflavinosis)
B3- Pellagra (if also tryptophan deficiency)
B5- Acne and parasthesia
B6- seborrhoeic dermatits like eruptions, pinkeye and neuro symptoms
B7- Decrease hair and nail growth
B9 (folate)- Macrocytic anaemia
B12- Macrocytic anaemia

Question 10

What does Vitamin C deficiency cause?

Answer 10

Scurvy (uncommon in the developed world)

Question 11

What are the symptoms of scurvy

Answer 11

Lassitude, weakness, irritability, weight loss, and vague myalgias and arthralgias may develop early.

Swollen spongy gums (purple)

Loosing teeth

Infection

Poor wound healing

Question 12

What is the treatment for scurvy?

Answer 12

Ascorbic acid and diet modification

Question 13

What are the symptoms of vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 13

> Fatigue and tiredness
> poor immunity
> Bone and back pain
> Depression
> Impaired wound healing
> Bone loss
> Hair loss
> Muscle pain

Question 14

What are some risk factors of vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 14

Having dark skin.
Being elderly.
Being overweight or obese.
Not eating much fish or dairy.
Living far from the equator where there is little sun year-round.
Always using sunscreen when going out.
Staying indoors.

Question 15

What is the treatment of vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 15

Ergocalciferol

Diet

Question 16

What can Vitamin E deficiency cause?

Answer 16

Vitamin E deficiency can cause nerve and muscle damage that results in loss of feeling in the arms and legs, loss of body movement control, muscle weakness, and vision problems. Another sign of deficiency is a weakened immune system.

Question 17

What are the risk factors for Vitamin E deficiency?

Answer 17

chronic pancreatitis.
cholestasis.
cystic fibrosis.
primary biliary cirrhosis.
Crohn's disease.
short bowel syndrome

Question 18

What are the treatments for vitamin E deficiency?

Answer 18

Diet modification

High dose Vitamin E supplements

Question 19

Who get’s vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 19

Infants

Question 20

What are the symptoms of Vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 20

Easy bruising.
Oozing from nose or gums.
Excessive bleeding from wounds, punctures, and injection or surgical sites.
Heavy menstrual periods.
Bleeding from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Blood in the urine and/or stool

Question 21

How do you treat Vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 21

> Phytonadione (Oral supplement or injection)

Question 22

What is the prognosis of the vitamin deficiencies?

Answer 22

Pretty Good if supplemented appropriately