Perineal Abscesses and Fistulae Flashcards
What is a perineal abscess?
A perineal abscess is an infection that causes a painful lump in the perineum
What is a perineal fistulae?
A perineal fistula is a type of anorectal malformation (ARM) that involves a misplaced anal passage that is often narrowed
Explain the aetiology / risk factors of perineal abscesses and fistulae
Absces: A blocked anal gland, a sexually transmitted infection (STI), or an infected anal fissure can cause anal abscesses. Some other risk factors include: Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, which are inflammatory bowel diseases that cause the body to attack healthy tissue. diabetes
Fistulae: The causes of congenital anorectal malformations are unknown; however, environmental factors such as drug use during pregnancy may play a part.
Summarise the epidemiology of perineal abscesses and fistulae
The condition occurs in one out of every 5,000 births. Males are slightly more likely to develop the condition than females
What are the signs and symptoms of perineal abscesses and fistulae?
Abscess: constipation rectal discharge or bleeding swelling or tenderness of the skin surrounding the anus fatigue
Fistulae:
Not passing stool the first day or two after birth
Passing stool through a misplaced opening
Swollen belly
Missing or misplaced anus
Identify appropriate investigations for perineal abscesses and fistulae and interpret the results
> Examination
Endoscope
MRI/ US
Blood test for Crohn’s
Generate a management plan for perineal abscesses and fistulae
Abscess:
Drain the pus
Surgery
Sitz bath
Fistulae:
Surgery
Identify the possible complications of perineal abscesses and fistulae and its management
Fistulae (from abscess) Bacteraemia Sepsis Faecal incontinence recurrence Anal stenosis
Summarise the prognosis for patients with perineal abscesses and fistulae
Abscesses and fistula require treatment or will greatly decrease QoL
