Vitals, Infection, and Vision Flashcards
What is Cheyne-Stokes respiration? What area of the brain is affected?
A period of apnea lasting 10-60 seconds followed by gradually increasing depth and frequency of respirations
Accompanies depression of frontal lobe and diencephalic dysfunction
What is hyperventilation? What area of the brain is affected?
Increased rate and depth of respirations
Accompanies dysfunction of lower midbrain and pons
What is apneustic breathing? What area of the brain is affected?
Abnormal respiration marked by prolonged respiration
Accompanies damage to upper pons
Elevation in body temperature may indicated damage to the _____ or _____.
Hypothalamus
Midbrain
List 8 signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure/Cerebral edema and brain herniation.
- Progressive altered level of consciousness
- Altered vital signs
- Headache
- Vomiting secondary to the irritation of vagal nuclei, CN X
- Pupillary changes (ipsilateral dilation of pupil, slowed reaction to light. Progression to fixed dilated pupils (a poor prognostic sign)
- Papilledema at entrance to eye
- Progressive impairment of motor function (examine for weakness, hemiplegia, positive Babinski, decorticate or decerebrate rigidity)
- Seizure activity
What is homonymous hemianopsia? How is this tested?
Loss of half of visual field in each eye, contralateral to the side of a cerebral hemisphere lesion
Test: Slowly bring 2 fingers from behind head into the patient’s visual field while asking the patient to gaze straight ahead; the patient indicated when and where the fingers first appear
What is somatognosia? How is it tested?
Lack of awareness of body structure
Test: Have patient identify body parts or their relationship to each other
What is visual spatial neglect?
Inability to interpret stimuli and events on the contralateral side of a hemispheric lesion
What is anosognosia? What is this condition typically associated with?
Denial or unawareness of one’s illness
Associated with UNILATERAL NEGLECT
What is agnosia? Provide an example.
Inability to process sensory information or recognize familiar objects with one sensory modality while retaining ability to recognize same object with other sensory modality
Example: Subject doesn’t recognize an object (clock) by sight, but can recognize it by sound (ticking)
What is apraxia?
Inability to perform purposeful learned movements or activities even though there is no sensory or motor impairment that would hinder completion of the task
What is the difference between ideomotor and ideational apraxia?
Ideomotor = Patient cannot perform the task on command but can do the task when left on their own
Ideational = patient cannot perform the task at all, either on command or on own
