Pharmacology: Neuromuscular Management Flashcards
What is the MOA of antiepileptic drugs? List 7 side effects associated with these drugs.
Action: Used to reduce or eliminate seizure activity within the brain. Inhibit the firing of certain cerebral neurons through various effects on the CNS.
Side effects = ataxia, skin issues, behavioral changes, GI distress, headache, blurred vision and weight gain
List 4 examples of antiepileptic drugs.
Klonopin
Depakote
Dilantin
Neurontin (gabapentin)
What is the MOA of anti-spasticity drugs? List 4 examples of anti-spasticity drugs.
Action: Promote relaxation in a spastic muscle by binding selectively within the CNS or within the skeletal muscle cells to reduce spasticity
Examples = Baclofen, Valium (diazepam), Dantrium (dantrolene), and Zanaflex
List 8 side effects associated with anti-spasticity drugs.
Drowsiness Confusion Headache Dizziness Generalized muscle weakness Hepatotoxicity potential with Dantrium Tolerance Dependence
What is the MOA of cholinergic drugs? (direct versus indirect)
Cholinergic direct stimulant agents mimic acetylcholine and bind directly to the cholinergic receptor to activate and create a response on the cellular level.
Indirect acting cholinergic stimulants increase cholinergic synapse activity through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (which normally destroys acetylcholine.
List 5 indications for the use of cholinergic drugs.
Glaucoma Dementia Postoperative decrease in GI motility Myasthenia gravis Reversal of anticholinergic toxicity
List 5 side effects associated with cholinergic agents.
GI distress Impaired visual accommodation Bronchoconstriction Bradycardia Flushing
List examples of direct and indirect cholinergic agents. (4)
Direct: Duvoid, Pilocar
Indirect: Cognex, Prostigmin
What is the MOA of dopamine replacement drugs?
Cross the blood brain barrier and transform to dopamine within the brain to relieve symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease
List 6 side effects associated with dopamine replacement agents.
Arrhythmias (levodopa) GI distress Orthostatic hypotension Dyskinesia Mood and behavioral changes Tolerance
List 2 examples of dopamine replacement agents.
Sinemet or Madopar (levodopa)
Symmetrel (amantadine)
What is the MOA of muscle relaxant agents?
Promote relaxation in muscles that typically present with spasm that is continous, tonic contraction.
List 8 side effects associated with muscle relaxant agents.
Sedation Drowsiness Dizziness Nausea Vomiting Headache Tolerance Dependence
List 3 examples of muscle relaxant agents.
Valium (diazepam)
Flexeril (cyclobenzaprine)
Paraflex
