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NPTE Neuromuscular and Nervous System > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are alternative names for the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain?

A 
Forebrain = prosencephalon
Midbrain= mesencephalon
Hindbrain = rhombencephalon
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2
Q

What 2 divisions make up the prosencephalon?

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

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3
Q

What 2 divisions make up the mesencephalon?

A

Tectum

Tegmentum

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4
Q

What 2 divisions make up the rhombencephalon?

A

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

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5
Q

What 4 structures can be found in the telencephalon?

A

Cerebrum
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Basal ganglia

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6
Q

What 4 structures can be found in the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus

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7
Q

Where are the superior and inferior colliculi housed?

A

Tectum

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8
Q

What structures lie in the tectum?

A

Superior and inferior colliculi

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9
Q

What 5 structures can be found in the tegmentum?

A 
Cerebral aqueduct 
Periaqueductal gray matter 
Reticular formation 
Substantia Nigra 
Red nucleus
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10
Q

What structure is affected in patients with Parkinson’s disease and where is this structure located in the brain?

A

Substantia nigra

Located in the tegmentum of the mesencephalon (midbrain)

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11
Q

What 2 structures can be found in the metencephalon?

A

Cerebellum

Pons

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12
Q

What area of the brain are the cerebellum and pons located?

A

Metencephalon

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13
Q

What structure is located in the myelencephalon?

A

Medulla oblongata

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14
Q

A patient comes into the clinic with ataxia. What brain structure is likely impacted and where is this structure located in the brain?

A

Cerebellum is likely impacted

Located in the metencephalon of the rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

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15
Q

What structures make up the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

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16
Q

What structure is composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata?

A

Brainstem

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17
Q

What are the inner and outer cores of the spinal cord made of?

A

Inner core = gray matter

Outer core = white matter

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18
Q

Where is information integrated in the brain?

A

Gray matter

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19
Q

What structures does the gray matter contain? (5)

A 
Unmyelinated neurons 
Capillaries 
Cell bodies
Dendrites
Glial cells
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20
Q

What structures does the white matter contain?

A

Myelinated axons

Nerve fibers without dendrites

21
Q

What structures make up the PNS?

A

Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Ganglia/Plexuses

22
Q

How many cranial nerves are there? Where do they exit?

A

12 nerves

Exit the skull via the foramina

23
Q

How many spinal nerves are there? Where do they exit?

A 
31 spinal nerves:
8 cervical
12 thoracic 
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Exit the spine via the intervertebral foramina

24
Q

How do spinal nerves relay sensory and motor information?

A

Via the anterior and posterior roots

Anterior root carries MOTOR information AWAY from the CNS (efferent fibers)

Posterior root carries SENSORY information TOWARDS the CNS (afferent fibers)

25
Q

What root are the afferent fibers associated with? What information do they carry?

A

Sensory information via the posterior root

26
Q

What root are the efferent fibers associated with? What information do they carry?

A

Motor information via the anterior root

27
Q

What structure gives rise to central and peripheral nerve fibers?

A

Ganglia

28
Q

What are ganglia?

A

Clusters of cells that give rise to central and peripheral nerve fibers

29
Q

What nervous system is associated with sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

30
Q

What is the purpose of the sympathetic NS? What kind of response does it produce?

A

Prepare the body for emergency response (to stress)

Produces a stimulating response

31
Q

What is the purpose of the parasympathetic NS? What kind of response does it produce?

A

Conserves and restores energy (homeostasis)

Produces an inhibitory response

32
Q

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter associated with which division of the ANS?

A

Parasympathetic

33
Q

Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter associated with which division of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic

34
Q

What neurotransmitter is associated with the sympathetic NS?

A

Norepinephrine

35
Q

What neurotransmitter is associated with the parasympathetic NS?

A

Acetylcholine

36
Q

What neurotransmitters are primarily associated with the ANS?

A

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine

37
Q

Which nervous system influences all 5 senses?

A

Somatic NS

38
Q

The somatic NS consists of _____ and _____ nerve fibers.

A

Peripheral

Motor

39
Q

What type of nerve fibers send sensory information to the CNS?

A

Peripheral

40
Q

Where do motor nerve fibers send information to?

A

Skeletal muscle

41
Q

What NS is responsible for controlling voluntary movement?

A

Somatic NS

42
Q

What is the primary function of the autonomic NS?

A

Control response to stress and maintain homeostasis

43
Q

What is the primary function of the somatic NS?

A

Control voluntary movements and the ability to sense touch, smell, sight, taste and sound (5 senses)

44
Q

What system is primarily responsible for the expression of mood and emotion?

A

Limbic system

45
Q

What are 5 functions of the limbic system?

A
  1. Expression of mood and emotion
  2. Emotional response to food
  3. Olfaction
  4. Processing and storage of recent memory
  5. Control of appetite
46
Q

A lesion to what structure may result in aggression, extreme fearfulness, altered sexual behavior and changes in motivation?

A

Limbic system

47
Q

What behaviors may arise as a result of a lesion to the limbic system?

A
  1. Aggression
  2. Extreme fearfulness
  3. Altered sexual behavior
  4. Change in motivation
48
Q

Constipation is a disorder of what nervous system?

A

ANS

NPTE Neuromuscular and Nervous System (26 decks)

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