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Patient Care > Vitals > Flashcards

Vitals Flashcards

1
Q

importance of vital sign measurement (2)

A

the establishment of baseline, normal values ensures a standard comparison in the event of a medical emergency

they are used as a screening tool for abnormalities, either diagnosed or undiagnosed

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2
Q

4 classical signs of infection

A

calor (heat)
dolor (pain)
rubor (redness)
tumor (swelling)

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3
Q

4 types of infections

A

viral
bacterial
fungal
parasitic

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4
Q

viral infection

A

parasitic and require a host cell

ex. influenza, herpes, HPV, HIV

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5
Q

bacterial infection

A

single cell microorganisms

ex. strep, e. coli, cellulitis, MRSA, tuberculosis

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6
Q

fungal infection

A

years and mold

ex. ringworm, thrush, histoplasmosis

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7
Q

parasitic infection

A

live on or in a host

ex. malaria, lice, tapeworm

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8
Q

dry socket/alveolar osteitis

A

after a tooth is taken out and the tooth does not heal correctly

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9
Q

MRSA generally start as

A

swollen, painful red bumps that might look like pimples or spider bites

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10
Q

vital signs (4)

A

temperature
pulse
respiration
blood pressure

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11
Q

oral average temp

A

98.6

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12
Q

oral temp is
highest at
loest at

A

4-6 pm

6 am

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13
Q

axillary temp

A

oral -1

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14
Q

rectal temp

A

oral + 1

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15
Q

what is a fever?

A

a temperature of 100.4 F/38 C or higher

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16
Q

low grade fever range

A

99.6-100.3

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17
Q

pulse

A

heart rate, number of times your heart beats per minute

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18
Q

females age – and older in general, tend to have a faster heart rate than do males

A

12

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19
Q

3 types of pulse

A

radial
brachial
carotid

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20
Q

normal pulse range

A

60-100 beats/min

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21
Q

pulse in
children
athletes

A

higher

lower

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22
Q

tachycardia

A

pulse rate greater than 100 bmp

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23
Q

bradycardia

A

pulse rate lower than 100 bmp

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24
Q

normal respiration range

A

12-16 bmp

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25
Q

respiration
children
athletes

A

higher

lower

26
Q

bradypnea

A

slow respiration

27
Q

tachypnea

A

rapid resipration

28
Q

— of americans have heart disease

A

half

29
Q

causes of hypertension (3)

A

aging
obesity
lack of physical activity

30
Q

systolic pressure

A

the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts

31
Q

diastolic pressure

A

the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and filling with blood

32
Q

a greater risk of stroke and heart disease is related to a higher

A

systolic

33
Q

the systolic is the maximum pressure your heart experiences while

A

beating

34
Q

the systolic is the phase of heartbeat when the heart muscle — and — blood from the chambers into the arteries

A

contracts and pumps

35
Q

systolic is how much — is pushing on your blood vessel walls

A

pressure

36
Q

diastolic is the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle — and allows the chambers to fill with blood

A

relax

37
Q

diastolic is the pressure in your — between beats

A

arteries

38
Q

systolic hypertension

A

if your systolic BP is higher than 130 but your diastolic blood pressure is under 80

39
Q

most common kind of high BP in people over 65

A

systolic hypertension

40
Q

pulse pressure

A

the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure

41
Q

the pulse pressure is the — that the heart generates each time it pumps

A

force

42
Q

pulse pressure is considered a risk factor when it is greater than

A

60 mm Hg

43
Q

normal or safe is less than

A

45 mm Hg

44
Q

what is an important mortality predictor, especially with hemodialysis patients

A

pulse pressure

45
Q

are arm or wrist automated BP cuffs more accurate?

A

arm

46
Q

antecubital fossa

A

an inch above the brachial artery

47
Q

the cuff is inflated – to – above normal systolic pressure

A

20-30 mm Hg

140 on us, 160-180 on patients

48
Q

kortokoff sounds

A

beating sounds

49
Q

patient who has — — can increase systolic reading by 7% and diastolic by 2%

A

crossed legs

50
Q

wait – before retaking BP

A

2 min

51
Q

whos more likely to have hypertension?

A

until the age of 45, men

post menopausal women have increased due to lack of estrogen

52
Q

hypertension patient factors (2)

A

stress

distended bowel or bladder

53
Q

hypertension and drugs (5)

A 
caffeine 
tobacco 
cocaine
amphetamines
meth
54
Q

normal BP

A

less than or equal to 120/80

55
Q

elevated BP

A

120-129/80

56
Q

hypertension stage 1

A

130-139/80-89

57
Q

hypertension stage 2

A

140+/90+

58
Q

hypertensive crisis

A

180+/120+

59
Q

if the patient presents hypertensive readings,

A

take their BP 2-3 times and average the results

60
Q

BP is lowest at

A

night when sleeping

61
Q

blood pressure peaks at

A

middle of afternoon

Patient Care (15 decks)

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