Vitals Flashcards
importance of vital sign measurement (2)
the establishment of baseline, normal values ensures a standard comparison in the event of a medical emergency
they are used as a screening tool for abnormalities, either diagnosed or undiagnosed
4 classical signs of infection
calor (heat)
dolor (pain)
rubor (redness)
tumor (swelling)
4 types of infections
viral
bacterial
fungal
parasitic
viral infection
parasitic and require a host cell
ex. influenza, herpes, HPV, HIV
bacterial infection
single cell microorganisms
ex. strep, e. coli, cellulitis, MRSA, tuberculosis
fungal infection
years and mold
ex. ringworm, thrush, histoplasmosis
parasitic infection
live on or in a host
ex. malaria, lice, tapeworm
dry socket/alveolar osteitis
after a tooth is taken out and the tooth does not heal correctly
MRSA generally start as
swollen, painful red bumps that might look like pimples or spider bites
vital signs (4)
temperature
pulse
respiration
blood pressure
oral average temp
98.6
oral temp is
highest at
loest at
4-6 pm
6 am
axillary temp
oral -1
rectal temp
oral + 1
what is a fever?
a temperature of 100.4 F/38 C or higher
low grade fever range
99.6-100.3
pulse
heart rate, number of times your heart beats per minute
females age – and older in general, tend to have a faster heart rate than do males
12
3 types of pulse
radial
brachial
carotid
normal pulse range
60-100 beats/min
pulse in
children
athletes
higher
lower
tachycardia
pulse rate greater than 100 bmp
bradycardia
pulse rate lower than 100 bmp
normal respiration range
12-16 bmp
respiration
children
athletes
higher
lower
bradypnea
slow respiration
tachypnea
rapid resipration
— of americans have heart disease
half
causes of hypertension (3)
aging
obesity
lack of physical activity
systolic pressure
the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts
diastolic pressure
the pressure inside the artery when the heart is at rest and filling with blood
a greater risk of stroke and heart disease is related to a higher
systolic
the systolic is the maximum pressure your heart experiences while
beating
the systolic is the phase of heartbeat when the heart muscle — and — blood from the chambers into the arteries
contracts and pumps
systolic is how much — is pushing on your blood vessel walls
pressure
diastolic is the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle — and allows the chambers to fill with blood
relax
diastolic is the pressure in your — between beats
arteries
systolic hypertension
if your systolic BP is higher than 130 but your diastolic blood pressure is under 80
most common kind of high BP in people over 65
systolic hypertension
pulse pressure
the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure
the pulse pressure is the — that the heart generates each time it pumps
force
pulse pressure is considered a risk factor when it is greater than
60 mm Hg
normal or safe is less than
45 mm Hg
what is an important mortality predictor, especially with hemodialysis patients
pulse pressure
are arm or wrist automated BP cuffs more accurate?
arm
antecubital fossa
an inch above the brachial artery
the cuff is inflated – to – above normal systolic pressure
20-30 mm Hg
140 on us, 160-180 on patients
kortokoff sounds
beating sounds
patient who has — — can increase systolic reading by 7% and diastolic by 2%
crossed legs
wait – before retaking BP
2 min
whos more likely to have hypertension?
until the age of 45, men
post menopausal women have increased due to lack of estrogen
hypertension patient factors (2)
stress
distended bowel or bladder
hypertension and drugs (5)
caffeine tobacco cocaine amphetamines meth
normal BP
less than or equal to 120/80
elevated BP
120-129/80
hypertension stage 1
130-139/80-89
hypertension stage 2
140+/90+
hypertensive crisis
180+/120+
if the patient presents hypertensive readings,
take their BP 2-3 times and average the results
BP is lowest at
night when sleeping
blood pressure peaks at
middle of afternoon
