Radiography Flashcards
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Clinical situations for which radiographs may be indicated include, but are not limited to: (6)
- Previous periodontal or endodontic treatment
- History of pain or trauma
- Familial history of dental anomalies
- Postoperative evaluation of healing
- Remineralization monitoring
- Presence of implants, previous implant-related pathosis or evaluation for implant
placement
what is required when ordering radiographs? (2)
complete dental and medical history
extraoral and intraoral examination
intraoral technique (3)
periapical radiographs
bitewings
occlusal radiographs
extraoral technique (3)
panoramic
lateral cephalometric
cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)
periapical radiographs shows the
entire tooth (crown to apex + 2 mm)
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indications of periapical radiographs
Tooth development/root morphology Trauma/fractures Anatomy Periapical pathosis Periodontal bone loss and calculus Root resorptions Ankylosis Pulp assessment (stones, sclerosis, etc) Endodontic treatment Unerupted/impacted teeth Implant osseointegration/peri-implant bone loss
what do bitewings assess (2)
inter proximal caries and bone levels
molar bitewings shows the
crown of maxillary and mandibular molars and the distal of the second premolar
premolar bitewing shows
the crown of the maxillary and mandibular premolars and the distal of the canine
to assess interproximal caries, make sure the
contacts are open
to asses bone levels in advanced bone loss,
vertical bitewings
how many radiographs in a full mouth series?
18
what are the 18 radiographs
14 periapical
4 bitewing
when are full mouth series indicated (2)
when the patient has clinical evidence of generalized oral disease or history of extensive dental treatment
panoramic uses
Teeth development Trauma (fractures) TMJ* Pathology Orthodontic treatment Third molars Anatomy Maxillary sinuses* Impacted and supernumerary teeth Post op
advantages of panoramic as compared to FM (6)
broad coverage
low radiation dose
ease of panoramic radiograph technique
can be used in patients with truisms or in patients who cannot tolerate intramural radiography
quick and convenient radiographic technique
useful visual aid in patient edu and case presentation
disadvantages of panoramic (5)
lower res images that do not provide the fine details provided by intramural radiographs
mag across image is unequal, making linear measurements unreliable
image is superimposition of real, double, and ghost images and requires careful visualization to decipher anatomic and pathologic details
requires accurate patient positioning to avoid positioning errors and artifacts
difficult to image both jaws when patient has severe maxillomandibular discrepancy
lateral cephalometric
lateral view of head and cergvical spine, teeth and soft tissue of the face
when is lateral cephalometric used?
for orthodontic assessment before and after treatment
lateral cephalometric is used for orthodontic assessment before and after treatment to (2)
measure the relationship of cranial base to facial components
plan and monitor treatment
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CBCT indications
Impacted/supernumerary teeth Third molars Trauma Paranasal sinuses assessment Pathology (benign or malignant) TMJ* Airway assessment* Implant planning Orthodontics, endodontics, periodontics, pediatrics, etc
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strengths of CBCT (7)
size and cost fast acquisition submillimeter resolution relative low radiation dose interactive analysis 1:1 measurements multiple FOVs
limitations f CBCT (2)
image noise
poor soft tissue contrast
what does airway assessment asses? (3)
total volume
minimal area
assessment of sleep disorder risks
< 52 mm2
high risk for obstructive sleep
apnea
52- 110 mm2
intermediate risk for
obstructive sleep apnea
> 110 mm2
low risk for obstructive sleep apnea
— — before ordering radiographs
clinical evaluation
select the appropriate type of
radiograph
radiolucent
black on radiographic images
