Radiography

Question 1

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Clinical situations for which radiographs may be indicated include, but are not limited to: (6)

Answer 1

1. Previous periodontal or endodontic treatment
2. History of pain or trauma
3. Familial history of dental anomalies
4. Postoperative evaluation of healing
5. Remineralization monitoring
6. Presence of implants, previous implant-related pathosis or evaluation for implant
   placement

Question 2

what is required when ordering radiographs? (2)

Answer 2

complete dental and medical history

extraoral and intraoral examination

Question 3

intraoral technique (3)

Answer 3

periapical radiographs
bitewings
occlusal radiographs

Question 4

extraoral technique (3)

Answer 4

panoramic
lateral cephalometric
cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)

Question 5

periapical radiographs shows the

Answer 5

entire tooth (crown to apex + 2 mm)

Question 6

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indications of periapical radiographs

Answer 6

 Tooth development/root morphology
 Trauma/fractures
 Anatomy
 Periapical pathosis
 Periodontal bone loss and calculus
 Root resorptions
 Ankylosis
 Pulp assessment (stones, sclerosis, etc)
 Endodontic treatment
 Unerupted/impacted teeth
 Implant osseointegration/peri-implant bone loss

Question 7

what do bitewings assess (2)

Answer 7

inter proximal caries and bone levels

Question 8

molar bitewings shows the

Answer 8

crown of maxillary and mandibular molars and the distal of the second premolar

Question 9

premolar bitewing shows

Answer 9

the crown of the maxillary and mandibular premolars and the distal of the canine

Question 10

to assess interproximal caries, make sure the

Answer 10

contacts are open

Question 11

to asses bone levels in advanced bone loss,

Answer 11

vertical bitewings

Question 12

how many radiographs in a full mouth series?

Answer 12

18

Question 13

what are the 18 radiographs

Answer 13

14 periapical

4 bitewing

Question 14

when are full mouth series indicated (2)

Answer 14

when the patient has clinical evidence of generalized oral disease or history of extensive dental treatment

Question 15

panoramic uses

Answer 15

 Teeth development
 Trauma (fractures)
 TMJ*
 Pathology 
 Orthodontic treatment
 Third molars
 Anatomy
 Maxillary sinuses*
 Impacted and supernumerary teeth
 Post op

Question 16

advantages of panoramic as compared to FM (6)

Answer 16

broad coverage
low radiation dose
ease of panoramic radiograph technique
can be used in patients with truisms or in patients who cannot tolerate intramural radiography
quick and convenient radiographic technique
useful visual aid in patient edu and case presentation

Question 17

disadvantages of panoramic (5)

Answer 17

lower res images that do not provide the fine details provided by intramural radiographs
mag across image is unequal, making linear measurements unreliable
image is superimposition of real, double, and ghost images and requires careful visualization to decipher anatomic and pathologic details
requires accurate patient positioning to avoid positioning errors and artifacts
difficult to image both jaws when patient has severe maxillomandibular discrepancy

Question 18

lateral cephalometric

Answer 18

lateral view of head and cergvical spine, teeth and soft tissue of the face

Question 19

when is lateral cephalometric used?

Answer 19

for orthodontic assessment before and after treatment

Question 20

lateral cephalometric is used for orthodontic assessment before and after treatment to (2)

Answer 20

measure the relationship of cranial base to facial components
plan and monitor treatment

Question 21

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CBCT indications

Answer 21

 Impacted/supernumerary teeth
 Third molars
 Trauma
 Paranasal sinuses assessment
 Pathology (benign or malignant)
 TMJ*
 Airway assessment*
 Implant planning
 Orthodontics, endodontics, periodontics, pediatrics, etc

Question 22

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strengths of CBCT (7)

Answer 22

size and cost 
fast acquisition
submillimeter resolution
relative low radiation dose
interactive analysis 
1:1 measurements 
multiple FOVs

Question 23

limitations f CBCT (2)

Answer 23

image noise

poor soft tissue contrast

Question 24

what does airway assessment asses? (3)

Answer 24

total volume
minimal area
assessment of sleep disorder risks

Question 25

< 52 mm2

Answer 25

high risk for obstructive sleep

apnea

Question 26

52- 110 mm2

Answer 26

intermediate risk for

obstructive sleep apnea

Question 27

> 110 mm2

Answer 27

low risk for obstructive sleep apnea

Question 28

— — before ordering radiographs

Answer 28

clinical evaluation

Question 29

select the appropriate type of

Answer 29

radiograph

Question 30

radiolucent

Answer 30

black on radiographic images