Ergonomics Flashcards
ergonomics
the science of fitting hobs to the people who work them
goals of ergonomics (4)
❖Prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)
❖Increase safety and productivity
❖Enhance performance by eliminating unnecessary effort
❖Improve the standard of care to the patient
In a University of CA-SF questionnaire, responses indicated that –% of the dental students from all four years experienced neck, shoulder and/or back pain. More than –% reported pain by their 3rd year.
46-71%
70%
when you are slouched over, why are you not able to fully breath out?
your lungs and internal organs are being compressed
musculoskeletal disorders (MSD)
include a group of conditions that involve nerves, tendons, muscles, and supporting structures such as intervertebral discs
contributing factors for work related MSDs include routine exposure to (4)
forceful hand exertions
repetitive movements
fixed or awkward postures
vibrating tools
what is the main cause of MSD in dentistry?
cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) are theorized to be the primary cause of disability among dentists and best describes how injuries develop in dentistry
in dentistry cumulative trauma disorders begin as
microtrauma
microscopic damage that occurs to certain parts of your MS system on a daily basis
your body is constantly repairing this damage when you’re at rest
microtrauma occurs on the
cellular level, with the damage accumulative
the rate of damage to your body accumulates faster than the repair rate
do you often feel any discomfort before enough tissue damage occurs to create pain and muscle dysfunction?
no
warning signs (6)
Decreased strength (ex: instrument gripping)
Decreased range of motion (ex: turning head)
Pain or burning sensations
Numbness or tingling
Shooting or stabbing pain (usually into an arm or leg)
Swelling or inflammation
chronic low back pain (2)
often caused by a poor seated posture and weak stabilizing trunk muscles.
tension neck syndrome
common result of a forward head posture
trapezius myalgia
pain, tenderness from sustained contraction in upper trapezius muscle. Often from chronic elevation of the shoulders
rotor cuff impingement
houlder pain from over reaching, and a sustained arm elevation
carpal tunnel sundorme
medial nerve compression in the wrist from a flexed wrist posture, a forceful grip and/or gripping instruments with small diameters.
SKIPPED
dental ergonomic stressors (7)
- Sustained/awkward postures
- Repetitive tasks
- Forceful hand exertions
- Vibrating operational devices
- Time pressure from a fixed schedule
- Coping with patient anxieties
- Precision required with work
dental ergonomic equipment (4)
operator stools
patient chairs
magnification/loupes
lighting systems
3 Ps to fitness in the operatory
posture
positioning
periodic stretching
posture: maintain a
neutral position
posture (7)
❖Head at 0-20 tilt-ears over shoulders❖Shoulders over hips❖Elbows relaxed at sides❖Forearms parallel to the floor or slightly upward❖Slight curve in lower back/lordosis❖Hip angle >90-ideally 105-125*❖Feet flat on floor in tripod position
neutral seated position (5)
❖Forearms parallel to the floor ❖Weight evenly balanced ❖Hips higher than knees-110 degrees ❖Seat height positioned low enough so that you are able to rest the heels of your feet on the floor ❖Have a tripod effect-legs and torso
neutral neck position (2)
❖Head tilt of 0°to 15°.
❖The line from eyes to the treatment area should be as near to vertical as possible.
in neutral neck position, avoid (2)
head tipped too far forward
head tilted to one side