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Systemic Diseases Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

rheumatic diseases

A

large groups of disorders that affects bones, joints, and muscles

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2
Q

autoimmune and inflammatory diseases that cause your immune system to

A

attack itself

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3
Q

examples of rheumatic diseases (5)

A 
psoriatic arthritis 
systematic lupus erythematous 
scleroderma
sjogren sydrome
gout
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4
Q

types of rheumatic diseases (3)

A

osteoarthritis (OA)
rheumatoid (RA)
sjogren syndrome (SS)

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5
Q

almost everyone older than 60 years of age develops — to some degree. most are minimally —

A

osteoarthritis

symptomatic

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6
Q

OA is the leading cause of — within the elderly population

A

disability

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7
Q

what does osteoarthritis affect? (5)

A

often used joints such as hips, knees, feet, spine, and hands

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8
Q

what may also be affected?

A

TMJ

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9
Q

OA is more common that –

A

RA

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10
Q

who does OA affect?

A

women 2x men

however men are affected at an earlier age

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11
Q

when do you develop OA?

A

usually after 40

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12
Q

OA is normal (2)

A

wear and tear

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13
Q

where does OA affect?

A

distal joints of hands

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14
Q

OA is —

A

asymmetrical

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15
Q

RA is more

A

serious

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16
Q

RA

A

autoimmune disease of unknown origin

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17
Q

where does RA affect

A

symmetric inflammation of joints, especially hands, feet, and knees

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18
Q

onset of RA

A

35-50 years of age

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19
Q

who does RA affect?

A

women to men ratio 3:1

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20
Q

RA (4)

A

 Multiple symmetric joint involvement
 Significant joint inflammation
 Morning stiffness lasting longer than 1 hour
 Systemic manifestations (fatigue, weakness, malaise)

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21
Q

OA (5)

A 
 Usually, 1-2 joints involved
 Pain usually without inflammation
 Morning stiffness lasting less than 15 mins.
 No systemic involvement
 Heberden nodes of DIP joints
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22
Q

sjodrens syndrome

A

Autoimmune disease complex that
causes exocrinopathy and affects the
salivary and lacrimal glands

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23
Q

who does sjogrens syndrome predominately involve? ratio?

A

women,

with female to male ratios over 10:1

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24
Q

Primary Sjogren syndrome (SS-1)

A

dry eyes and dry mouth are seen in the absence of a connective tissue disease.
Not as common.

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25
Secondary Sjogren syndrome (SS-2) is | more common:
dry eyes and dry mouth are seen together with other autoimmune diseases like RA, systemic lupus erythematous, scleroderma.
26
Sjogren's syndrome is characterized by (3)
eye dryness, hyposalivation, and | enlargement of the parotid glands
27
secondary outcomes of persistent oral dryness (5)
``` angular cheilitis dysgeusia (taste dysfunction) burning mouth syndrome secondary infections increase in caries rate ```
28
due to increased caries rate: (3)
 Topical daily fluoride  Increase production of saliva-drugs such as pilocarpine  Increased prophylaxis
29
phazix pill swallowing aid
dry mouth, Lubricates the mouth and throat. Pill swallowing gel 16.9oz for $41.00
30
DENTIST MUST BE AWARE OF THE TYPE AND EXTENT OF THE CANCER AND PREPARE FOR COMPLICATIONS SUCH AS (3)
ADVERSE BLEEDING, SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUGS, AND INFECTION
31
INCREASED SURVIVAL RATES- DENTIST WILL BE TREATING PATIENT WHILE UNDERGOING
VARIOUS PHASES OF TREATMENT. (CHEMOTHERAPHY, RADIATION)
32
cancer is 1/3 due to
tobacco
33
cancer is also 1/3 due to (3)
poor nutrition, obesity, physical inactivity
34
cancer precautions (3)
Chemotherapy: immunocompromised Head and neck radiation therapy Med consult
35
``` Head and neck radiation therapy (3) ```
Xerostomia Mucosal irritation Cervical caries
36
epilepsy IS NOT A SPECFIC DIAGNOSIS BUT RATHER A TERM THAT REFERS TO A GROUP OF DISORDERS: CHARACTERIZED BY (5)
CHRONIC AND RECURRENT, PAROXYSMAL CHANGES IN NEUROLOGICAL FUNCTION(SEIZURES), ALTERED CONSCIOUSNESS, OR INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS CAUSED BY ABNORMAL AND SPONTANEOUS ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN THE BRAIN.
37
epilepsy symptoms (5)
``` Aura Irritability Epileptic cry-just before Loss of consciousness Muscle rigidity ```
38
aura (2)
Momentary sensory alteration | Unusual smell or vision
39
Epileptic cry-just before
Diaphragm spasm
40
Epilepsy treatment (3)
Long term drug therapy-Dilantin, Tegretol 60-80% achieve complete control Gingival hyperplasia
41
Gingival hyperplasia tx
Dilantin
42
uncontrolled epilepsy (3)
* >1-2 seizures / month * Med consult * Avoid triggers
43
well controlled epilepsy (2)
* <1-2 seizures / month | * Med consult
44
epilepsy (dental) (4)
``` Complete health history- type, age of onset, cause(if known), frequency, meds, date of last seizure. Ask if they feel unusually tired Ask them to communicate if they sense seizure coming Don’t shine light in pt eyes ```
45
Don’t shine light in pt eyes bc
May stimulate seizure
46
epilepsy management (6)
 PRIMARY-PROTECT THE PATIENT AND TRY TO PREVENT INJURY  DO NOT MOVE PT. TO THE FLOOR, PLACE CHAIR IN SUPINE POSITION  INSTRUMENTS REMOVED FROM THE AREA  NO ATTEMPT TO RESTRAIN/HOLD PT.  O2 IF NECESSARY  4444
47
GERD
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (= acid reflux)
48
Stomach liquids regurgitate (6)
``` Pregnancy Bad sphincter Obesity Alcohol Smoking Can increase with age ```
49
GERD (dental) (3)
Halitosis Enamel erosion Don’t give meds that upset stomach
50
Don’t give meds that upset stomach (2)
Codeine | erythromycin
51
skin lesion examples (4)
rash mole patch melanoma
52
Danger Signs: Pigmented Skin | Lesions (4)
 Asymmetry (MAIN)  Border irregular  Color varied  Diameter > 6mm (pencil eraser)
53
Border irregular (2)
Scalloped or | fuzzy
54
steroid uses (4)
Rheumatoid arthritis Lupus Asthma Psoriasis
55
Cushing syndrome refers to a conditions | caused by
excessive cortisol in the body.
56
The most common cause is the use of
steroid drugs
57
Cushing syndrome can | also result in (3)
high blood pressure bone loss Type 2 diabetes
58
When Cushing syndrome is caused by a --- process (e.g., tumor ofthe pituitary gland or tumor of the adrenal gland), it is called --- ---
pathophysiologic | Cushing disease
59
BOTH (2) PRODUCE SIMILAR CLILNICAL FEATURES.
Cushing DISEASE AND | SYNDROME
60
symptoms of Cushing syndrome
WEIGHT GAIN AND FATTY TISSUE DEPOSITS, PARTICULARLY AROUND THE MIDSECTION AND UPPER BACK, IN THE FACE (MOON FACE) AND BETWEEN THE SHOULDERS (BUFFALO HUMP)
61
what does Cushing syndrome result in (4)
thinning, fragile skin that bruises easily abdominal striae decreased healing acne
62
Addison’s
not enough steroid | Gingival lesions
63
Trigeminal Neuralgia=
Tic douloureux
64
Trigeminal Neuralgia
sudden, severe, electric or stabbing pain in the side of jaw or cheek
65
what triggers Trigeminal Neuralgia
physical | stimulus
66
Trigeminal Neuralgia results in --- | attacks
Intermittent
67
intermittent attacks last
several seconds
68
who does Trigeminal Neuralgia affect?
mostly women over 50
69
Trigeminal Neuralgia may --- sporadically
disappear
70
SKIPPED | sample reasons for bed consults
```  Rheumatic fever, unsure of heart condition  MI in last 6 mos.  Hypertension >160 / >100  Unsure how well controlled diabetes is  Congenital heart defects  > 5 significant meds  Chemo or radiation treatment  Elevated glucose levels ```
71
Congenital Heart Disease patients is at high risk to develop
``` Infective Endocarditis (IE) ```
72
Request med consult for the type of --- ----, and | the treatment performed to correct the defect
heart defect
73
follow physician’s recommendation for antimicrobial | prophylaxis on the basis of --- guidelines
AHA
74
Medication history includes all (4)
```  Rx  OTC  Herbal, natural, alternative  Have pt bring a list or all their pill bottles (Brown paper bag) ```
75
true allergy symptoms (5)
```  Itching  Hives  Rash  Swelling  Wheezing ```
76
drug intolerance (3)
Nausea Vomiting Palpitations
77
drug intolerance is not a true
allergy
78
with drug intolerance, avoid using
drug

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