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Patient Care > Systemic Diseases Part 2 > Flashcards

Systemic Diseases Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

rheumatic diseases

A

large groups of disorders that affects bones, joints, and muscles

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2
Q

autoimmune and inflammatory diseases that cause your immune system to

A

attack itself

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3
Q

examples of rheumatic diseases (5)

A 
psoriatic arthritis 
systematic lupus erythematous 
scleroderma
sjogren sydrome
gout
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4
Q

types of rheumatic diseases (3)

A

osteoarthritis (OA)
rheumatoid (RA)
sjogren syndrome (SS)

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5
Q

almost everyone older than 60 years of age develops — to some degree. most are minimally —

A

osteoarthritis

symptomatic

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6
Q

OA is the leading cause of — within the elderly population

A

disability

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7
Q

what does osteoarthritis affect? (5)

A

often used joints such as hips, knees, feet, spine, and hands

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8
Q

what may also be affected?

A

TMJ

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9
Q

OA is more common that –

A

RA

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10
Q

who does OA affect?

A

women 2x men

however men are affected at an earlier age

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11
Q

when do you develop OA?

A

usually after 40

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12
Q

OA is normal (2)

A

wear and tear

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13
Q

where does OA affect?

A

distal joints of hands

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14
Q

OA is —

A

asymmetrical

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15
Q

RA is more

A

serious

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16
Q

RA

A

autoimmune disease of unknown origin

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17
Q

where does RA affect

A

symmetric inflammation of joints, especially hands, feet, and knees

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18
Q

onset of RA

A

35-50 years of age

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19
Q

who does RA affect?

A

women to men ratio 3:1

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20
Q

RA (4)

A

 Multiple symmetric joint involvement
 Significant joint inflammation
 Morning stiffness lasting longer than 1 hour
 Systemic manifestations (fatigue, weakness, malaise)

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21
Q

OA (5)

A 
 Usually, 1-2 joints involved
 Pain usually without inflammation
 Morning stiffness lasting less than 15 mins.
 No systemic involvement
 Heberden nodes of DIP joints
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22
Q

sjodrens syndrome

A

Autoimmune disease complex that
causes exocrinopathy and affects the
salivary and lacrimal glands

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23
Q

who does sjogrens syndrome predominately involve? ratio?

A

women,

with female to male ratios over 10:1

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24
Q

Primary Sjogren syndrome (SS-1)

A

dry eyes and dry mouth are seen in the absence of a connective tissue disease.
Not as common.

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25
Q

Secondary Sjogren syndrome (SS-2) is

more common:

A

dry eyes and dry mouth
are seen together with other
autoimmune diseases like RA, systemic
lupus erythematous, scleroderma.

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26
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome is characterized by (3)

A

eye dryness, hyposalivation, and

enlargement of the parotid glands

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27
Q

secondary outcomes of persistent oral dryness (5)

A 
angular cheilitis
dysgeusia (taste dysfunction)
burning mouth syndrome
secondary infections 
increase in caries rate
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28
Q

due to increased caries rate: (3)

A

 Topical daily fluoride
 Increase production of saliva-drugs such as pilocarpine
 Increased prophylaxis

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29
Q

phazix pill swallowing aid

A

dry mouth, Lubricates the
mouth and throat.
Pill swallowing gel
16.9oz for $41.00

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30
Q

DENTIST MUST BE AWARE OF THE TYPE
AND EXTENT OF THE CANCER AND
PREPARE FOR COMPLICATIONS SUCH AS
(3)

A

ADVERSE BLEEDING,
SIDE EFFECTS OF
DRUGS,
AND INFECTION

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31
Q

INCREASED SURVIVAL RATES- DENTIST
WILL BE TREATING PATIENT WHILE
UNDERGOING

A

VARIOUS PHASES OF
TREATMENT. (CHEMOTHERAPHY,
RADIATION)

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32
Q

cancer is 1/3 due to

A

tobacco

33
Q

cancer is also 1/3 due to (3)

A

poor nutrition, obesity, physical inactivity

34
Q

cancer precautions (3)

A

Chemotherapy: immunocompromised
Head and neck radiation therapy
Med consult

35
Q 
Head and neck 
radiation therapy (3)
A

Xerostomia
Mucosal irritation
Cervical caries

36
Q

epilepsy IS NOT A SPECFIC DIAGNOSIS BUT RATHER A TERM THAT REFERS
TO A GROUP OF DISORDERS: CHARACTERIZED BY (5)

A

CHRONIC AND
RECURRENT, PAROXYSMAL CHANGES IN NEUROLOGICAL
FUNCTION(SEIZURES), ALTERED CONSCIOUSNESS, OR
INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS CAUSED BY ABNORMAL AND
SPONTANEOUS ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IN THE BRAIN.

37
Q

epilepsy symptoms (5)

A 
Aura
Irritability
Epileptic cry-just before
Loss of consciousness
Muscle rigidity
38
Q

aura (2)

A

Momentary sensory alteration

Unusual smell or vision

39
Q

Epileptic cry-just before

A

Diaphragm spasm

40
Q

Epilepsy treatment (3)

A

Long term drug therapy-Dilantin,
Tegretol
60-80% achieve complete control
Gingival hyperplasia

41
Q

Gingival hyperplasia tx

A

Dilantin

42
Q

uncontrolled epilepsy (3)

A
  • > 1-2 seizures / month
  • Med consult
  • Avoid triggers
43
Q

well controlled epilepsy (2)

A
  • <1-2 seizures / month

* Med consult

44
Q

epilepsy (dental) (4)

A 
Complete health history- type, age of 
onset, cause(if known), frequency, meds, 
date of last seizure.
Ask if they feel unusually tired
Ask them to communicate if they sense 
seizure coming
Don’t shine light in pt eyes
45
Q

Don’t shine light in pt eyes bc

A

May stimulate seizure

46
Q

epilepsy management (6)

A

 PRIMARY-PROTECT THE PATIENT AND TRY TO PREVENT INJURY
 DO NOT MOVE PT. TO THE FLOOR, PLACE CHAIR IN SUPINE POSITION
 INSTRUMENTS REMOVED FROM THE AREA
 NO ATTEMPT TO RESTRAIN/HOLD PT.
 O2 IF NECESSARY
 4444

47
Q

GERD

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux
Disease
(= acid reflux)

48
Q

Stomach liquids regurgitate (6)

A 
Pregnancy
Bad sphincter
Obesity
Alcohol 
Smoking
Can increase with age
49
Q

GERD (dental) (3)

A

Halitosis
Enamel erosion
Don’t give meds that upset stomach

50
Q

Don’t give
meds that
upset stomach (2)

A

Codeine

erythromycin

51
Q

skin lesion examples (4)

A

rash
mole
patch
melanoma

52
Q

Danger Signs: Pigmented Skin

Lesions (4)

A

 Asymmetry (MAIN)
 Border irregular
 Color varied
 Diameter > 6mm (pencil eraser)

53
Q

Border irregular (2)

A

Scalloped or

fuzzy

54
Q

steroid uses (4)

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Lupus
Asthma
Psoriasis

55
Q

Cushing syndrome refers to a conditions

caused by

A

excessive cortisol in the body.

56
Q

The most common cause is the use of

A

steroid drugs

57
Q

Cushing syndrome can

also result in (3)

A

high blood pressure
bone loss
Type 2 diabetes

58
Q

When Cushing syndrome is caused by a — process (e.g., tumor ofthe pituitary gland or tumor of the adrenal gland), it is called — —

A

pathophysiologic

Cushing disease

59
Q

BOTH (2) PRODUCE
SIMILAR CLILNICAL
FEATURES.

A

Cushing DISEASE AND

SYNDROME

60
Q

symptoms of Cushing syndrome

A

WEIGHT GAIN AND FATTY TISSUE DEPOSITS, PARTICULARLY AROUND THE MIDSECTION AND UPPER BACK, IN THE FACE (MOON FACE) AND BETWEEN THE SHOULDERS (BUFFALO HUMP)

61
Q

what does Cushing syndrome result in (4)

A

thinning, fragile skin that bruises easily
abdominal striae
decreased healing
acne

62
Q

Addison’s

A

not enough steroid

Gingival lesions

63
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia=

A

Tic douloureux

64
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

sudden, severe,
electric or stabbing
pain in the side of jaw or cheek

65
Q

what triggers Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

physical

stimulus

66
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia results in —

attacks

A

Intermittent

67
Q

intermittent attacks last

A

several seconds

68
Q

who does Trigeminal Neuralgia affect?

A

mostly women over 50

69
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia may — sporadically

A

disappear

70
Q

SKIPPED

sample reasons for bed consults

A 
 Rheumatic fever, unsure of heart 
condition
 MI in last 6 mos.
 Hypertension >160 / >100
 Unsure how well controlled diabetes is
 Congenital heart defects
 > 5 significant meds
 Chemo or radiation treatment
 Elevated glucose levels
71
Q

Congenital Heart Disease patients is at high risk to develop

A 
Infective 
Endocarditis (IE)
72
Q

Request med consult for the type of — —-, and

the treatment performed to correct the defect

A

heart defect

73
Q

follow physician’s recommendation for antimicrobial

prophylaxis on the basis of — guidelines

A

AHA

74
Q

Medication history includes all (4)

A 
 Rx
 OTC
 Herbal, natural, alternative
 Have pt bring a list or all their pill 
bottles (Brown paper bag)
75
Q

true allergy symptoms (5)

A 
 Itching
 Hives
 Rash
 Swelling
 Wheezing
76
Q

drug intolerance (3)

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Palpitations

77
Q

drug intolerance is not a true

A

allergy

78
Q

with drug intolerance, avoid using

A

drug

Patient Care (15 decks)

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