Vital Signs

Question 0

Amount of heat produced = amount of heat lost.

Answer 0

Heat balance

Question 1

Vital Signs?

Answer 1

Temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure, pain or pulse ox

Question 2

Shell temperature. Skin, subcutaneous tissue and fat temperature.

Answer 2

Surface temperature

Question 3

Temperature of deep tissues and remains relatively constant. Normal is 97-99 degrees F or 36 - 37.5 degrees C.

Answer 3

Core temperature

Question 4

Reflects the balance between heat produced and heat loss from the body.

Answer 4

Body temperature

Question 5

Produced by the body’s metabolism

Answer 5

Heat production

Question 6

What are the factors that affect heat production?

Answer 6

BMR
Muscle Activity 
Thyroid Hormone
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and sympathetic stimulation
Fever

Question 7

Transfer of heat from the surface of one object to another without contact between two objects

Answer 7

Radiation

Question 8

Transfer of hear from one molecule to a molecule of lower temp with contact between the molecules

Answer 8

Conduction

Question 9

Dissipation of heat by transformation of water to gas continuous evaporation of moisture from the respiratory tract mucosa of the mouth and skin.

Answer 9

Vaporization

Question 10

In vaporization the amount of heat loss in percentage is

Answer 10

10%

Question 11

What is the body’s thermostat

Answer 11

Hypothalamus

Question 12

Center controls core temperature

Answer 12

Hypothalamic intergrator

Question 13

Acts from info that comes from the hypothalamus

Answer 13

Effector system

Question 14

Vasoconstriction

Answer 14

Cold

Question 15

Vasodilation

Answer 15

Heat

Question 16

Dispersion of heat by air currents - rises and replaced by cooler air

Answer 16

Convection

Question 17

Where are most sensors or sensory receptors?

Answer 17

In the skin

Question 18

What are there more receptors for cold or warmth?

Answer 18

Cold

Question 19

Normal adult Core Temp range

Answer 19

37 C or 98.6 F

Question 20

Time of day affecting body temperature 1600-1800 highest and 0400-0600 lowest

Answer 20

Diurnal/Circadian Rhythm

Question 21

Body temperature above normal range is called

Answer 21

Pyrexia, fever, hyperthermia

Question 22

38 C or 100.4 F is considered a

Answer 22

Fever

Question 23

Is a very high fever of 41 C or 105.8 F

Answer 23

Hyperpyrexia

Question 24

What are the four types of fever?

Answer 24

Intermittent - rises or spikes at some point during 24 hours Remittent - rise in temp always above normal in 24 hours Relapsing - rise in temp lasting several days and alternating with normal for several days Constant - rise in temp that remains constant

Question 25

What are the 3 clinical signs of fever?

Answer 25

Onset (cold or chill stage) Course (photosensitivity, glassy eyes) Defervescence (fever abatement) sweating

Question 26

Core body temp below 95 F or 35 C

Answer 26

Hypothermia

Question 27

C = (FT - 32) x 5/9

Answer 27

Fahrenheit to Celsius

Question 28

F = (40 x 9/5) + 32

Answer 28

Celsius to Fahrenheit

Question 29

Wait how long to take temp after eating, drinking, or smoking?

Answer 29

15-30 minutes

Question 30

98.6 F

Answer 30

Normal oral temp

Question 31

99.6 F

Answer 31

Normal rectal temp

Question 32

97.6 F

Answer 32

Normal axillary temp

Question 33

A wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart

Answer 33

Pulse

Question 34

How much blood does the beating heart pump?

Answer 34

5 liters of blood in a minute also called cardiac output.

Question 35

Volume of blood pumped into arteries by heart

Answer 35

Stroke volume

Question 36

CO = SV x HR

Answer 36

Cardiac output equals stroke volume times heart rate per minute

Question 37

What is a central pulse?

Answer 37

Any pulse heard by the heart

Question 38

What is a peripheral pulse?

Answer 38

Any pulse palpated anywhere else but the heart

Question 39

How many sites are the pulses measured?

Answer 39

9 different sites

Question 40

100-180 bpm

Answer 40

Newborn infant pulse

Question 41

75-120 bpm

Answer 41

Children's 5-8 years pulse

Question 42

50-90 bpm

Answer 42

Children 10 to teenager pulse

Question 43

40-60 bpm

Answer 43

Well trained athletes pulse

Question 44

60-100 bpm

Answer 44

Adults pulse

Question 45

Pattern of the beats in a pulse

Answer 45

Rhythm

Question 46

Equal time lapses between beats

Answer 46

Regular

Question 47

Pulse scale

Answer 47

``` +4 bounding +3 normal +2 diminished +1 weak, thready, hypo kinetic +0 absent pulse ```

Question 48

Apical - radial =

Answer 48

Pulse deficit

Question 49

Interchange of o2 and co2 between alveoli of lungs and pulmonary blood

Answer 49

External respiration

Question 50

Interchange of gases between circulating blood and cells of tissues

Answer 50

Internal respirations

Question 51

What are the four components of external respiration?

Answer 51

Ventilation Distribution Diffusion Perfusion

Question 52

Movement of air in and out of the lungs

Answer 52

Ventilation

Question 53

Movement of air through the bronchial tree

Answer 53

Distribution

Question 54

Movement of gas molecules o2/co2 from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 54

Diffusion

Question 55

Movement of blood through the tissues and organs carrying o2/co2

Answer 55

Perfusion

Question 56

What are the two types of breathing?

Answer 56

Costal (thoracic) | Diaphragmatic (abdominal)

Question 57

What controls the rate, depth, and rhythm of respirations?

Answer 57

Medulla oblongata and pons

Question 58

12-20 per minute

Answer 58

Normal respirations

Question 59

Bradypnea

Answer 59

Slow respirations

Question 60

Tachypnea

Answer 60

Fast

Question 61

Apnea

Answer 61

Absence

Question 62

CO x HR =

Answer 62

BP

Question 63

Normal pulse pressure is?

Answer 63

From 30-50 mm/hg