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Nursing 101 & 102 > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

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0
Q

Amount of heat produced = amount of heat lost.

A

Heat balance

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1
Q

Vital Signs?

A

Temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure, pain or pulse ox

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2
Q

Shell temperature. Skin, subcutaneous tissue and fat temperature.

A

Surface temperature

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3
Q

Temperature of deep tissues and remains relatively constant. Normal is 97-99 degrees F or 36 - 37.5 degrees C.

A

Core temperature

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4
Q

Reflects the balance between heat produced and heat loss from the body.

A

Body temperature

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5
Q

Produced by the body’s metabolism

A

Heat production

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6
Q

What are the factors that affect heat production?

A 
BMR
Muscle Activity 
Thyroid Hormone
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and sympathetic stimulation
Fever
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7
Q

Transfer of heat from the surface of one object to another without contact between two objects

A

Radiation

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8
Q

Transfer of hear from one molecule to a molecule of lower temp with contact between the molecules

A

Conduction

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9
Q

Dissipation of heat by transformation of water to gas continuous evaporation of moisture from the respiratory tract mucosa of the mouth and skin.

A

Vaporization

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10
Q

In vaporization the amount of heat loss in percentage is

A

10%

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11
Q

What is the body’s thermostat

A

Hypothalamus

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12
Q

Center controls core temperature

A

Hypothalamic intergrator

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13
Q

Acts from info that comes from the hypothalamus

A

Effector system

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14
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Cold

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15
Q

Vasodilation

A

Heat

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16
Q

Dispersion of heat by air currents - rises and replaced by cooler air

A

Convection

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17
Q

Where are most sensors or sensory receptors?

A

In the skin

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18
Q

What are there more receptors for cold or warmth?

A

Cold

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19
Q

Normal adult Core Temp range

A

37 C or 98.6 F

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20
Q

Time of day affecting body temperature 1600-1800 highest and 0400-0600 lowest

A

Diurnal/Circadian Rhythm

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21
Q

Body temperature above normal range is called

A

Pyrexia, fever, hyperthermia

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22
Q

38 C or 100.4 F is considered a

A

Fever

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23
Q

Is a very high fever of 41 C or 105.8 F

A

Hyperpyrexia

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24
Q

What are the four types of fever?

A

Intermittent - rises or spikes at some point during 24 hours
Remittent - rise in temp always above normal in 24 hours
Relapsing - rise in temp lasting several days and alternating with normal for several days
Constant - rise in temp that remains constant

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25
Q

What are the 3 clinical signs of fever?

A

Onset (cold or chill stage)
Course (photosensitivity, glassy eyes)
Defervescence (fever abatement) sweating

26
Q

Core body temp below 95 F or 35 C

A

Hypothermia

27
Q

C = (FT - 32) x 5/9

A

Fahrenheit to Celsius

28
Q

F = (40 x 9/5) + 32

A

Celsius to Fahrenheit

29
Q

Wait how long to take temp after eating, drinking, or smoking?

A

15-30 minutes

30
Q

98.6 F

A

Normal oral temp

31
Q

99.6 F

A

Normal rectal temp

32
Q

97.6 F

A

Normal axillary temp

33
Q

A wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart

A

Pulse

34
Q

How much blood does the beating heart pump?

A

5 liters of blood in a minute also called cardiac output.

35
Q

Volume of blood pumped into arteries by heart

A

Stroke volume

36
Q

CO = SV x HR

A

Cardiac output equals stroke volume times heart rate per minute

37
Q

What is a central pulse?

A

Any pulse heard by the heart

38
Q

What is a peripheral pulse?

A

Any pulse palpated anywhere else but the heart

39
Q

How many sites are the pulses measured?

A

9 different sites

40
Q

100-180 bpm

A

Newborn infant pulse

41
Q

75-120 bpm

A

Children’s 5-8 years pulse

42
Q

50-90 bpm

A

Children 10 to teenager pulse

43
Q

40-60 bpm

A

Well trained athletes pulse

44
Q

60-100 bpm

A

Adults pulse

45
Q

Pattern of the beats in a pulse

A

Rhythm

46
Q

Equal time lapses between beats

A

Regular

47
Q

Pulse scale

A 
\+4 bounding 
\+3 normal 
\+2 diminished 
\+1 weak, thready, hypo kinetic 
\+0 absent pulse
48
Q

Apical - radial =

A

Pulse deficit

49
Q

Interchange of o2 and co2 between alveoli of lungs and pulmonary blood

A

External respiration

50
Q

Interchange of gases between circulating blood and cells of tissues

A

Internal respirations

51
Q

What are the four components of external respiration?

A

Ventilation
Distribution
Diffusion
Perfusion

52
Q

Movement of air in and out of the lungs

A

Ventilation

53
Q

Movement of air through the bronchial tree

A

Distribution

54
Q

Movement of gas molecules o2/co2 from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

Diffusion

55
Q

Movement of blood through the tissues and organs carrying o2/co2

A

Perfusion

56
Q

What are the two types of breathing?

A

Costal (thoracic)

Diaphragmatic (abdominal)

57
Q

What controls the rate, depth, and rhythm of respirations?

A

Medulla oblongata and pons

58
Q

12-20 per minute

A

Normal respirations

59
Q

Bradypnea

A

Slow respirations

60
Q

Tachypnea

A

Fast

61
Q

Apnea

A

Absence

62
Q

CO x HR =

A

BP

63
Q

Normal pulse pressure is?

A

From 30-50 mm/hg

Nursing 101 & 102 (19 decks)

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