Eye Flashcards
Keeps foreign bodies out
Lashes and brows
The union of cranial and facial bones that make up the protective socket for the eye
Orbit
Eyelid - thin elastic fold of skin.
Palpebrae
How many times does the average person blink?
15 times/min
Thin transparent mucous membranes that secret mucous and oil to keep the cornea moist, clear, and free from friction.
Conjunctiva
This conjunctiva lines the eyelid
Palpebral conjunctiva
This conjunctiva lines the sclera
Bulbar conjunctiva
Produces tears that flow from the outer canthus of the eye to the inner canthus; bacteriostatic and foreign body removal
Lacriminal gland
Tiny opening in the upper and lower lids
Puncta/punctum
Light passes through the cornea to the pupil to the lens to the vitreous humor to the retina then converted into a nerve impulse and then the optic nerve then carries it to the brain at the occipital lobe.
Light pathway
Muscles that are paired to look both ways; intrinsic and extrinsic
Occular muscles
Involuntary occular muscles
Extrinsic
Involuntary occular muscles
Intrinsic
Composed of collagen fibers meshed together that give a color of white; maintains the shape of the eye; protects from trauma
Sclera
Where focusing starts; most anterior portion; transparent/avascular and gets oxygen from tears; convex, dome like structure
Cornea
Provides color depending on the amount of melanin; highly vascular; donut shaped
Iris
Opening in the center of the iris
Pupil
Located beneath the sclera; vascular supplies blood to retinal layer
Choroid
Connects the choroid to the iris and produces and secretes aqueous humor
Ciliary body
Behind the pupil almost completely transparent; biconvex; fine focusing mechanisms
Lens
Thin and wet and consistency of tissue paper; converts light to an impulse that the brain can vision; extends and forms the optic nerve; vascular
Retina
The retina contains two cells that are photoreceptors
Rod - dim vision
Cones - bright environments
Area of the retina; responsible for central vision free of blood cells; has rods and cones
Macula
Center of macula; most sensitive area; densely packed cones; no rods here at all; responsible for the sharpest visual acuity
Fovea centalis
The part of the retina that has the physiologic depression or cup where the blood supply and optic nerve occur
Optic disk
The chamber where the cornea to lens is. Contains aqueous humor.
Anterior chamber
The chamber behind the iris. Contains aqueous humor.
Posterior chamber.
Behind the lens; helps give shape. Vitreous humor.
Posterior or Vitreous cavity
Cornea to the aqueous humor to the pupil to the lens to the vitreous humor to the retina to the optic disk to the optic chiasm for right or left optic tract to the occipital lobes
How sight travels
Eyelid drooping
Ptosis
Pupils are different sizes
Anisocoria
Bulge in the eyes
Exophthalmos
Sunken in eyes
Enopthamlos
Snellen chart of 20/200 equals
Legally blind
This tests near vision for 40+ and older
Jaegar chart
Multiple lenses mounted on a wheel
Refractometry
The opposite pupil constricting when a penlight it placed
Consentuational constriction
Opthamoscope shows refraction of the retinal layer
Red reflex
Normal intraoccular pressure is
10-21mmHg
Taping the cornea after anesthesia to test for glaucoma
Tonopen and tonometer
Invasive procedure to to photograph the eye and vascular space
Florescein angiography
Similar to angiography but do not have to have pupils dilated
Optical coherence tomography
Dots arranged in simple patterns to test for color vision
Ishihara test
Would look blurred with a gray area if eye damage - determines macular degeneration
Amsler grid
Double vision
Diploplia
Milky white or yellow ring around the iris, doesn’t affect vision; from cholesterol deposits; seen in geriatric patients
Arcus senilis
