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NUCM 103 Fundamentals in Nursing > VITAL SIGNS > Flashcards

VITAL SIGNS Flashcards

1
Q

controls physiological and behavioral mechanisms that regulate heat loss and heat production

A

thermoregulation

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2
Q

neural and vascular control is governed by

A

hypothalamus

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3
Q

anterior hypothalamus controls the

A

heat loss

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4
Q

posterior hypothalamus controls the

A

heat production

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5
Q

is a by-product of metabolism

A

heat production

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6
Q

is the primary source of body’s metabolic process

A

food

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7
Q

heat production occurs through

A

Basal metabolic rate
shivering
non-shivering thermogenesis

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8
Q

Heat loss occurs through

A

radiation
convection
conduction
evaporation

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9
Q

What are the factors that affect the body temperature

A

age
exercise
hormonal level
circadian rhythm
environment
temperature alterations

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10
Q

is stimulated through voluntary muscle contraction and muscle shivering

A

compensatory heat production

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11
Q

accounts for the heat produced by the body at absolute rest

A

basal metabolism

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12
Q

it promotes breakdown of glucose and fat

A

thyroid hormones

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Men have a higher BMR than women

A

TRUE

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14
Q

is an involuntary body response to temperature differences in the body

A

shivering

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15
Q

shivering increases heat production by _ times

A

4 to 5 times

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16
Q

occurs primarily in neonates. Because neonates cannot shiver, a limited amount of vascular brown tissue, present at birth, is metabolized for heat production.

A

nonshivering thermogenesis

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17
Q

is the transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact between the two.

A

radiation

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18
Q

is the transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact

A

conduction

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19
Q

is the transfer of heat away by air movement.

A

convection

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20
Q

is the transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas

A

evaporation

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21
Q

is visible perspiration primarily occurring on the forehead and upper thorax,

A

diaphoresis

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22
Q

Skin regulates temperature through
1.
2.
3.

A

insulation of the body
vasoconstriction
temperature sensation

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23
Q

The ability of a person to control temperature depends on

A
  1. the degree of temperature extreme
  2. the person’s ability to sense feeling comfortable or uncomfortable
  3. thought process or emotions
  4. persons mobility and ability to remove clothes
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24
Q

occurs because heat-loss mechanisms are unable to keep pace with excessive heat production, resulting in an abnormal rise in body temperature.

A

fever or pyrexia

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25
Q

such as bacteria and viruses elevate body temperature. They act as antigens, triggering immune system responses.

A

pyrogens

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26
Q

resolves when the new set point, a higher temperature, is achieved.

A

chill phase

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27
Q

the chills subside, and the person feels warm and dry

A

plateau phase

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28
Q

the new set point is “overshot” or the pyrogens are removed

A

febrile phase

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29
Q

when there is no fever, the patient becomes

A

afebrile

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30
Q

refers to a fever with an undetermined cause.

A

FUO (Fever of Unknown Origin)

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31
Q

What are the four classifications of fever?

A

constant
intermittent
remittent
relapsing

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32
Q

this device may be a thermistor or thermocouple and is incorporated into the tip of a probe

A

electronic thermometer

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33
Q

the indicator of circulatory status

A

Pulse

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34
Q

electrical impulses originate from

A

SA node

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35
Q

the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute is

A

cardiac output

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36
Q

These regulate ventricular contraction and stroke volume

A

mechanical
neural
chemical factors

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37
Q

What are the sites of the pulses?

A

temporal
carotid
apical
brachial
popliteal
dorsalis pedis
femoral
posterior tibial
ulnar

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38
Q

What are the characteristics of the pulse?

A

strength
equality
rate
rhythm

39
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Girls have faster heart rate than BOYS

40
Q

are physical signs that individual is alive

A

vital signs

41
Q

What are the vital signs

A

Temp
HR
RR
BP
PAIN
OXYGEN SATURATION

42
Q

the oulse is faster than 100 bpm

A

tachycardia

43
Q

Tachycardia may be result from

A

shock
hemorrhage
exercise
fever
acute pain
drugs

44
Q

The pulse is slower than 60 bpm

A

bradycardia

45
Q

What are the two types of body temperature

A

core temperature
surface temperature

46
Q

Prolonged exposure to the sun or a high environmental temperature overwhelms the heat-loss mechanisms of the body.

A

heatstroke

47
Q

occurs when profuse diaphoresis results in excess water and electrolyte loss.

A

heat exhaustion

48
Q

An elevated body temperature related to the inability of the body to promote heat loss or reduce heat production

A

hyperthermia

49
Q

What are the types of thermometers?

A

heat-sensitive patches
electronic thermometer
Typanic thermometer

50
Q

Point of maximum impulse is at

A

fifth intercostal space

51
Q

represents the actual beating of the heart

A

apical pulse

52
Q

difference between the apical and radial pulse rate

A

pulse deficit

53
Q

RR can be influenced by

A

activity
age
illness
injury
disease

54
Q

Ventilatory movements are described as

A

deep
normal
shallow

55
Q

the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the red blood cells

56
Q

the distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries

57
Q

is a protective physiological mechanism for expanding small airways and alveoli not ventilated during a normal breath

58
Q

What are the factors influencing the character of respiration

A

acute pain
anxiety
body position
Exercise
Hemoglobin function
medications
neurological functio
Smoking

59
Q

What are the characteristic of a normal respiration?

A

effortless
regular
smooth

60
Q

What are the different respiratory rhythm?

A

normal
dyspnea
Cheyne-Stoke respiration
Kussmaul’s respiration

61
Q

What are the different respiratory rate?

A

normal
bradypnea
tachypnea
apnea

62
Q

is the force exerted on the walls of an artery by the pulsing blood under pressure from the heart.

A

blood pressure

63
Q

The peak of maximum pressure when ejection occurs

A

systolic pressure

64
Q

is the minimal pressure exerted against the arterial walls at all times.

A

diastolic pressure

65
Q

What are the factors influencing the blood pressure

A

Medications
Activity and Exercise
Smoking
Stress
Age
Gender
Ethnicity
Daily Variation

66
Q

is associated with thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls.

A

hypertension

67
Q

What affects the vital sites

A

Age
Sex
Weight
Exercise
Tolerance
Condition

68
Q

Six mechanism

A

Neural and Vascular control
Behavioral control
Heat production
Heat loss
Skin temperature regulation
Thermoregulation

69
Q

Process of and respiratory vital signs

A

Nursing diagnosis
Planning
Intervention
Evaluation

70
Q

Assessment of the Pulse

A
  1. Site
  2. Use of steth
  3. Character of the pulse
  4. Nursing process and pulse determinatio
71
Q

is the force exerted on the arterial wail by pulsing blood under pressure from the heart. Blood moves from higher to lower pressures.

A

blood pressure

72
Q

The maximum peak pressure is known as

A

systolic blood pressure

73
Q

. When the ventricles relax, a minimal pressure is exerted against the arterial walls, known as

A

diastolic blood pressure

74
Q

Blood pressure is measured in

A

millimeters of mercury

75
Q

blood pressure depends on

A

cardiac output
peripheral resistance

76
Q

is the volume of blood ejected by the ventricles of the heart (stroke volume)
multiplied by the heart rate,

A

cardiac output

77
Q

is determined by the tone of
vasculature and diameter of blood vessels.

A

peripheral resistance

78
Q

What is the normal circulating volume?

79
Q

or percentage of red blood cells, determines viscosity.

A

hematocrit

80
Q

Normal arterial walls are

A

elastic and easily distensible

81
Q

prevents fluctuations in blood pressure

A

distensibility

82
Q

What are the factors controlling blood pressure?

A

Cardiac output
Vascular resistance
Volume
Viscosity
Elasticity of arterial Walls

83
Q

Difference between the systolic and diastolic

A

pulse pressure

84
Q

the average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle, systole, and diastole.

A

mean arterial pressure

85
Q

What is pre-high blood pressure?
systolic
diastolic

A

systolic- 120-139
diastolic-80-90

86
Q

What is the blood pressure readings of Stage 1 high blood pressure?

A

systolic- 140-159
diastolic-90-99

87
Q

High blood pressure greater than 139-89.

A

hypertension

88
Q

What are the risk factors of hypertension?

A

obesity
smoking
alcohol
high salt
diabetes
African American Descent

89
Q

What are the risk factors of hypotension?

A

pallor
skin mottling
clamminess
increased heart rate
decreased urine output,

90
Q

are part of the assessment for hypovolemia.

A

orthostatic measurements

91
Q

occurs when a normotensive person develops symptoms and low blood pressure when rising to an upright position.

A

orthostatic hypotension

92
Q

is a form of low blood pressure that happens when standing after sitting or lying down.

A

orthostatic hypotension

93
Q

Blood pressure may be affected by many different conditions, what are these?

A

cardiovascular disorders
neurologicak conditions
kidney and urological disorders
sudden weight gain
high blood pressure
pre-eclampsia in pregnant women
psychological factors

94
Q

provide important information about cardio- pulmonary dysfunction and is considered by many to be a fifth vital sign.

A

oxygen saturation

NUCM 103 Fundamentals in Nursing (20 decks)

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