VITAL SIGNS Flashcards
controls physiological and behavioral mechanisms that regulate heat loss and heat production
thermoregulation
neural and vascular control is governed by
hypothalamus
anterior hypothalamus controls the
heat loss
posterior hypothalamus controls the
heat production
is a by-product of metabolism
heat production
is the primary source of body’s metabolic process
food
heat production occurs through
Basal metabolic rate
shivering
non-shivering thermogenesis
Heat loss occurs through
radiation
convection
conduction
evaporation
What are the factors that affect the body temperature
age
exercise
hormonal level
circadian rhythm
environment
temperature alterations
is stimulated through voluntary muscle contraction and muscle shivering
compensatory heat production
accounts for the heat produced by the body at absolute rest
basal metabolism
it promotes breakdown of glucose and fat
thyroid hormones
TRUE OR FALSE: Men have a higher BMR than women
TRUE
is an involuntary body response to temperature differences in the body
shivering
shivering increases heat production by _ times
4 to 5 times
occurs primarily in neonates. Because neonates cannot shiver, a limited amount of vascular brown tissue, present at birth, is metabolized for heat production.
nonshivering thermogenesis
is the transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact between the two.
radiation
is the transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact
conduction
is the transfer of heat away by air movement.
convection
is the transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas
evaporation
is visible perspiration primarily occurring on the forehead and upper thorax,
diaphoresis
Skin regulates temperature through
1.
2.
3.
insulation of the body
vasoconstriction
temperature sensation
The ability of a person to control temperature depends on
- the degree of temperature extreme
- the person’s ability to sense feeling comfortable or uncomfortable
- thought process or emotions
- persons mobility and ability to remove clothes
occurs because heat-loss mechanisms are unable to keep pace with excessive heat production, resulting in an abnormal rise in body temperature.
fever or pyrexia
such as bacteria and viruses elevate body temperature. They act as antigens, triggering immune system responses.
pyrogens
resolves when the new set point, a higher temperature, is achieved.
chill phase
the chills subside, and the person feels warm and dry
plateau phase
the new set point is “overshot” or the pyrogens are removed
febrile phase
when there is no fever, the patient becomes
afebrile
refers to a fever with an undetermined cause.
FUO (Fever of Unknown Origin)
What are the four classifications of fever?
constant
intermittent
remittent
relapsing
this device may be a thermistor or thermocouple and is incorporated into the tip of a probe
electronic thermometer
the indicator of circulatory status
Pulse
electrical impulses originate from
SA node
the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute is
cardiac output
These regulate ventricular contraction and stroke volume
mechanical
neural
chemical factors
What are the sites of the pulses?
temporal
carotid
apical
brachial
popliteal
dorsalis pedis
femoral
posterior tibial
ulnar