STRESS AND COPING

Question 1

is a condition in which an individual experiences changes in the normal balanced state

Answer 1

stress

Question 2

is any event or stimulus that causes an individual to experience stress

Answer 2

stressor

Question 3

When a person faces stressors responses are referred to as

Answer 3

coping strategies
coping responses
coping mechanisms

Question 4

What are the two sources of stress?

Answer 4

internal and external

Question 5

originate within a person
eg. infection, depression

Answer 5

internal stressor

Question 6

originate outside the individual
a move to another city, a death in the family

Answer 6

external stressor

Question 7

What are the effects of stress?

Answer 7

physical
emotional
intellectual
social
spiritual consequences

Question 8

What are the models of stress?

Answer 8

stimulus based
response based
transaction based

Question 9

stress is defined as a stimulus, a life event, or a set of circumstances that arouses physiological and/or psychological reactions

Answer 9

stimulus-based models

Question 10

the nonspecific response of the body to any kind of demand made upon it

Answer 10

response based models

Question 11

Selye’s stress response is characterized by a chain or pattern of physiological events called the

Answer 11

General adaptation syndrome or stress syndrome

Question 12

Besides adapting globally, the body can also react locally; that is, one organ or a part of the body reacts alone. This is referred to as the

Answer 12

local adaptation syndrome

Question 13

Selye (1976) proposed that both the GAS and the LAS have three stages:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 13

Alarm reaction stage
stage of resistance
stage of exhaustion

Question 14

is when the body’s adaptation takes place

Answer 14

stage of resistance

Question 15

which alerts the body’s defenses.

Answer 15

alarm reaction

Question 16

The alarm reaction is divided into two parts

Answer 16

shock phase
countershock phase

Question 17

the adaptation that the body made during the second stage cannot be maintained.

Answer 17

stage of exhaustion

Question 18

Transactional theories of stress are based on the work of

Answer 18

Lazarus

Question 19

the stimulus theory and the response theory do not consider individual differences.

Answer 19

Transaction-based model

Question 20

encompasses a set of cognitive, affective, and adaptive (coping) responses that arise out of person–environment transactions.

Answer 20

Lazarus’s Transactional stress theory

Question 21

What are the indicators of stress?

Answer 21

Physiological
Psychological
Cognitive

Question 22

result from activation of the sympathetic and neuroendocrine systems of the body

Answer 22

Physiological Indicators

Question 23

include anxiety, fear, anger, depression, and unconscious ego defense mechanisms.

Answer 23

psychological indicators

Question 24

a state of mental uneasiness, apprehension, dread, or foreboding or a feeling of helplessness related to an impending or anticipated unidentified threat to self or significant relationships.

Answer 24

anxiety

Question 25

Anxiety may be manifested on four levels:

Answer 25

mild
moderate
severe
panic

Question 26

produces a slight arousal that enhances perception, learning, and productive abilities

Answer 26

mild anxiety

Question 27

increases the arousal to a point where the person expresses feelings of tension, nervousness, or concern

Answer 27

moderate anxiety

Question 28

consumes most of the person’s energies and requires intervention.

Answer 28

severe anxiety

Question 29

is an overpowering, frightening level of anxiety causing the person to lose control.

Answer 29

panic

Question 30

are thinking responses that include problem solving, structuring, self-control or self-discipline, suppression, and fantasy.

Answer 30

cognitive indicators

Question 31

involves thinking through the threatening situation, using specific steps to arrive at a solution

Answer 31

problem solving

Question 32

What are the clinical manifestations of stress?

Answer 32

Pupils dilate
sweat production
heart rate and cardiac output increase
skin is pallid
sodium and water retention increase

Question 33

may be described as dealing with change

Answer 33

coping

Question 34

is a natural or learned way of responding to a changing environment or specific problem or situation

Answer 34

coping strategy

Question 35

the cognitive and behavioral effort to manage specific external and/or internal demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person”

Answer 35

coping

Question 36

Two types of coping strategies

Answer 36

problem focused
emotion focused

Question 37

refers to efforts to improve a situation by making changes or taking action.

Answer 37

problem-focused coping

Question 38

includes thoughts and actions that relieve emotional distress.

Answer 38

emotion-focused coping

Question 39

Coping strategies are also viewed as

Answer 39

long term or short term

Question 40

can be constructive and practical.

Answer 40

long term coping strategies

Question 41

short term coping strategies

Question 42

Assessing

Answer 42

nursing history
physical examination of the client for indicators of stress

Question 43

The nurse develops plans in collaboration with the client and significant support people when possible, according to the client’s
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Answer 43

state of health
level of anxiety
support resources
coping mechanisms
sociocultural and religious affiliation

Question 44

The overall client goals for individuals experiencing stress- related responses are to:
1.
2.
3.

Answer 44

decrease or resolve anxiety
increase ability to manage or cope with stressful events or circumstances
improve role performance

Question 45

What are the methods of implementing?

Answer 45

Time Management
Minimizing anxiety
Mediating anger
Using relaxation technique
crisis intervention

Question 46

Nurses should also encourage clients to use these techniques when they encounter stressful health situations. Examples of these situations are
1.
2.
3.

Answer 46

during childbirth
postoperatively to cope with pain
before and during a painful procedure

Question 47

Crisis intervention is a short-term helping process of assisting clients to
1.
2.

Answer 47

work through a crisis to its resolution
restore their precrisis level of functioning