NUTRITION

Question 1

is the sum of all the interactions between an organism and the food it consumes.

Answer 1

Nutrition

Question 2

are organic and inorganic substances found in foods that are required for body functioning.

Answer 2

nutrition

Question 3

What are the three major functions of nutrients

Answer 3

providing energy
providing structural material for body tissues
regulating body processes

Question 4

What are the three essential nutrients

Answer 4

water
macronutrients
micronutrients

Question 5

Body’s most basic nutrient need

Answer 5

water

Question 6

Needed in large amounts (e.g., hundreds of grams) to provide energy. (e.g. carbohydrates, fats, protein, minerals, vitamins, and water)

Answer 6

macronutrients

Question 7

Vitamins and minerals that are required in small amounts (e.g., milligrams or micrograms) to metabolise the energy-providing
nutrients.

Answer 7

micronutrients

Question 8

composed of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) and are of two basic types: simple carbohydrates (sugars) and complex carbohydrates (starches and fiber).

Answer 8

carbohydrates

Question 9

Types of carbohydrates

Answer 9

sugars
starches
fiber

Question 10

simplest of all carbohydrates, water soluble and are produced naturally by both plants and animals.

Answer 10

sugars

Question 11

insoluble, nonsweet forms of carbohydrate. Nearly all starches exist naturally in plants, such as grains, legumes, and potatoes.

Answer 11

starches

Question 12

a complex carbohydrate derived from plants, supplies roughage, or bulk, to the diet. This cannot be digested by humans.

Answer 12

fibers

Question 13

The desired end products of carbohydrate digestion. absorbed by the small intestine in healthy people.

Answer 13

monosaccharides

Question 14

Major source of body energy. After the body breaks carbohydrates down into glucose, some glucose continues to circulate in the blood to maintain blood levels and to provide a readily available source of energy. The remainder is used as energy or stored.

Answer 14

carbohydrate metabolism

Question 15

amino acids, organic molecules made up primarily of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, combine to form proteins

Answer 15

proteins

Question 16

cannot be manufactured in the body and must be supplied as part of the protein ingested in the diet.

Answer 16

essential amino acids

Question 17

are those that the body can manufacture.

Answer 17

nonessential amino acids

Question 18

contain all of the essential amino acids plus many nonessential ones.

Answer 18

complete proteins

Question 19

lack one or more essential amino acids (most commonly lysine, methionine, or tryptophan) and are usually derived from vegetables.

Answer 19

incomplete proteins

Question 20

Digestion of protein foods begins in the stomach, where the enzyme pepsin breaks protein down into smaller units. However, most protein is digested in the ____

Answer 20

small intestine