LOSS, GRIEVING, AND DEATH Flashcards
is an actual or potential situation in which something that is valued is changed or no longer available
loss
is a loss both for the dying person and for those who survive
death
Types and sources of loss
actual
perceived
is experienced before the loss actually occurs
anticipatory loss
What are the sources of loss?
loss of an aspect of oneself
loss of an object external to oneself
separation from an accustomed environment
loss of a loved or valued person
is the total response to the emotional experience related to loss
grief
is the subjective response experienced by the surviving loved ones
bereavement
is the behavioral process through which grief is eventually resolved or altered; it is often influenced by culture, spiritual beliefs, and custom.
mourning
What are the types of grief responses?
anticipatory
disenfranchised
unhealthy
complicated grief
is experienced in advance of the event such as the wife who grieves before her ailing husband dies.
anticipatory grief
occurs when a person is unable to acknowledge the loss to other people.
disenfranchised grief
Situations in which this may occur often relate to a socially unacceptable loss that cannot be spoken about, such as suicide, abortion, or giving a child up for adoption. Other examples include losses of relationships that are socially unsanctioned and may not be known to other people
disenfranchised grief
exists when the strategies to cope with the loss are maladaptive and out of proportion or inconsistent with cultural, religious, or age-appropriate norms.
unhealthy grief
The disorder, referred to by physicians as persistent complex bereavement disorder, may be said to exist if the preoccupation lasts for more than 6 months and leads to reduced ability to function formally
unhealthy grief
is extended in length and severity.
unresolved or chronic grief
The same signs are expressed as with normal grief, but the bereaved may also have difficulty expressing the grief, may deny the loss, or may grieve beyond the expected time.
complicated grief
unresolved or chronic grief
many of the normal symptoms of grief are suppressed and other effects, including somatic, are experienced instead.
inhibited grief
occurs when feelings are purposely or subconsciously suppressed until a much later time.
delayed grief
A survivor who appears to be using dangerous activities as a method to lessen the pain of grieving may experience
exaggerated grief
who described five stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
Kübler-Ross
What are the five stages of grieving
denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance
Engel (1964) identified six stages of grieving
shock and disbelief
developing awareness
restitution
resolving the loss
idealization
outcome
Five phases of bereavement according to??
Catherine Sanders
Five phases of bereavement
shock
awareness of loss
conservation-withdrawal
the turning point
renewal
a normal complex process that includes emotional, physical, spiritual, social, and intellectual responses and behaviors by which individuals, families, and communities incorporate an actual, anticipated, or perceived loss into their daily lives
grieving
a disorder that occurs after the death of a significant other
complicated grieving or risk for complicated grieving
Responses to dying and death, the nurse may observe:
apathy
pessimism
inability to decide
clinical signs of death
cessation of
1. apical pulse
2. respirations
3. blood pressure
The traditional clinical signs of death were cessation of the apical pulse, respirations, and blood pressure, also referred to as
heart-lung death
what are the clinical signs of death?
total lack of response to external stimuli
no muscular movement, esp breathing
no reflexes
flat encephalogram (brain waves)
