visual systems (e2)

Question 1

each type of receptor is specialized…

Answer 1

on a specific type of energy

Question 2

vision

Answer 2

light —> electromagnetic energy

Question 3

audition

Answer 3

pressure changes in the air

Question 4

touch

Answer 4

pressure changes in skin

Question 5

smell and taste

Answer 5

chemicals

Question 6

transduction

Answer 6

energy is changed into electrical signals for the brain to read
- occurs in receptors
- retina in the eye

Question 7

retina

Answer 7

neural tissue that receives light

Question 8

fovea

Answer 8

small area specialized for active, detailed vision

Question 9

periphery

Answer 9

has better sensitivity to dim light

Question 10

the retina has two types of receptor cells

Answer 10

rods - in periphery
cones - mostly in fovea

Question 11

geniculostriate pathway

Answer 11

pattern, color, and motion recognition
visual-form agnosia: inability to recognize objects

Question 12

what areas is the geniculostrate pathway in?

Answer 12

lateral geniculate nucleus, striate cortex

Question 13

tectopulvinar pathway

Answer 13

tectum: mibrain, superior colliculus, thalamus pulvinar nucleus, parietal lobe

Question 14

what areas is the tectopulvinar pathway in?

Answer 14

superior colliculus, pulvinar

Question 15

spatial location of objects…

Answer 15

unconscious

Question 16

pathways

Answer 16

groups of neurons that send and receive messages

Question 17

visual ataxia

Answer 17

inability to recognize where objects are located
easier perceived when object is moving

Question 18

V1 (primary visual or striate cortex) and V2

Answer 18

functionally heterogenous areas

Question 19

most specific functions of areas in

Answer 19

occipital lobe

Question 20

V4

Answer 20

important for color vision
damage results in loss of color cognition

Question 21

V5 (middle temporal, MT)

Answer 21

important to perceive objects in motion
damage allows people to see objects at rest, but when they begin to move, object vanishes

Question 22

all visionary info transferred to output area…

Answer 22

frontal lobe

Question 23

2 pathways

Answer 23

what (ventral)
where (dorsal)

Question 24

what pathway

Answer 24

ventral
lower
towards temporal cortex
prosopagnosia
agnosia

Question 25

prosopagnosia

Answer 25

face blindness

Question 26

where pathway

Answer 26

dorsal
UPPER
toward parietal cortex
neglect
ataxia

Question 27

ventral stream regions

Answer 27

fusiform face area (FFA)
extrastriate body area (EBA)
superior temporal sulcus (STS)
parahippocampal place area (PPA)

Question 28

fusiform face area (FFA)

Answer 28

face analysis
more active on what your speciality is

Question 29

extrastriate body area (EBA)

Answer 29

body analysis

Question 30

superior temporal sulcus (STS)

Answer 30

biological motion (body movement analysis)

Question 31

parahippocampal place area (PPA)

Answer 31

scenes
outdoor and indoor
landmarks

Question 32

dorsal stream regions

Answer 32

parietal reach region

Question 33

parietal reach region

Answer 33

visually guided reach, ataxia

Question 34

hemianopia or hemianopsia

Answer 34

blindness of half visual field because of damage in left or right V1
affects only one hemisphere

Question 35

blind side

Answer 35

not being able to see an obstacle, but being able to avoid it

Question 36

blind side is _____ blindness

Answer 36

cortical; not in retina, in BRAIN

Question 37

apperceptive agnosia

Answer 37

cannot copy an object

Question 38

associative agnosia

Answer 38

can copy an object, but cannot recognize it

Question 39

simultagnosia

Answer 39

problema in perceiving more than one object at a time; can occur in patients with BALINTS syndrome

Question 40

alexia (word blindness)

Answer 40

inability to read words
damage to left fusiform area affects word recognition
can read letter by letter, using motion to read