Visual System 2 Flashcards
primary visual pathway
-path of optic nerve fibers from the temporal retina (nasal visual hemifield)
course caudally along the lateral edge of the optic nerve, optic chiasm and optic tract to the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
primary visual pathway
-path of optic nerve fibers from the nasal retina (temporal visual hemifield)
course caudally along the medial edge of the optic nerve and then cross in the chiasm
after crossing, these fibers course along the medial edge of the optic tract to the contralateral LGN
primary visual pathway
-path of optic nerve fibers from the upper retina (inferior or lower visual hemifield)
course caudally along the dorsal edge of the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tract
primary visual pathway
-path of optic nerve fibers from the lower retina (superior or upper visual hemifield)
course caudally along the ventral edge of the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tract
topographic arrangement of retinogeniculate fibers carrying information from
- peripheral visual fields
- fovea
periphery -locates most superficially fovea -located more internally all are within the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tract
after optic nerve fibers pass through the chiasm, they continue as the _____ to end where?
continue as optic tract end primarily (80%) in LGN 20% terminate in the midbrain in or near the superior colliculus
how do the minority of optic nerve fibers that terminate in the midbrain get there?
via the brachium of the superior colliculus (BSC)
after optic nerve fibers synapse in the LGN, where do they go and what carries them there
thalamocortical axons proceed to primary visual cortex via visual radiations (geniculocalcarine radiations, optic radiations
-these are the efferent fibers leaving the lateral geniculate nucleus and coursing into the primary visual cortex surrounding the calcarine fissure
function of thalamocortical fibers that are carrying optic nerve information
carrying visuotopic information to precise regions of primary visual cortex (area 17)
geniculocalcarine fibers
-can carry information from what areas?
lower halves of retinae (upper visual hemifields)
upper halves of both retinae (lower visual hemifields)
geniculocalcarine fibers carrying information from the upper halves of both retinae
-where do they go?
course directly backward around the lateral ventricle, as part of the internal capsule, to reach the superior bank of the calcarine fissure - cuneus
geniculocalcarine fibers carrying info from the lower halves of the retinae
-where do they go?
course forward toward the tip of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle, then loop inferiorly then caudally in the temporal lobe to reach the inferior bank of the calcarine fissure - lingual gyres
long loop created by the geniculocalcarine fibers carrying info from the lower halves of the retinae is called…
-if injured separately from the other geniculocalcarine fibers, it results in…
Meyer’s Loop
results in a contralateral upper homonymous quandrantanopia
primary visual cortex
- where is the central visual location represented
- where is the macula represented
- where are the peripheral visual fields represented
central visual field
-most posterior part of the occipital lobe
macula
-represented at the occipital pole
peripheral visual fields
-in rostral direction along the calcarine fissure (ceneus and lingual gyrus)
LGN
- location
- composed of how many layers
located at the termination of the optic tracts (retinogeniculate fibers) in the thalamus
6 layers
each LGN contains a representation of the _____
contralateral visual hemifield
the 6 layers of the LGN are divided into what groups?
-each layer contains a map of the…
magnocellular
parvocellular
each layer contains a map of the contralateral visual hemifield
magnocellular layers
- involved in…
- which cells carry this information to the LGN
involved in perception of dark and light contrast
M-cells, correspond to information from transient ganglion cells that are activated by rods
parvocellular cayers
- function
- which cells carry this information to the LGN
process fine spatial and color information
P-cells, correspond to information from sustained ganglion cells that are activated by cones
secondary visual pathways
- where else do axons of retinal ganglion cells project?
- where is the major secondary projection?
project to several areas within the midbrain
major projection is to the superior colliculus
retino-collicular fibers
-travel through ____ to terminate in _____
travel through brachium of the superior colliculus to terminate in the superior colliculus
retino-collicular fibers
-after synapsing in the superior colliculus, where do they go?
project to the prestriate visual areas that surround primary visual cortex (areas 18 and 19)