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S2 Neuroscience > Pons > Flashcards

Pons Flashcards

1
Q

parts of the pons

A

tegmentum

basis pontis

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2
Q

tegmentum

  • what is it?
  • location
A

portion of gray matter containing cranial nerve nuclei and ascending and descending tracts
lies between fourth ventricle and more ventrally located basis pontis or ventral pons

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3
Q

basis pontis

  • contains
  • marked by…
A

ventral portion containing pontine nuclei and crossing pontine fibers running transversely
marked by large fascicles of fibers containing corticospinal, corticobulbar and corticopontine axons

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4
Q

crossing pontine fibers in the basis pontis that run transversely become the…

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

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5
Q

corticospinal, corticobulbar, and corticopontine axons in the basis pontis are running with what direction

A

caudal

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6
Q

cerebellar peduncles

  • how many?
  • what are their names
  • can all be seen at the _____ level
A

inferior
middle
superior
can be seen at the pontine level

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7
Q

cerebellar peduncles

-function

A

inferior and middle
-allow cerebellar afferents to enter the cerebellum
superior
-allow cerebellar efferents to exit the cerebellum

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8
Q

CNs associated with the pons

A

5-8

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9
Q

CN VIII

-which division are we concerned with in relation to the pons

A

cochlear division

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10
Q

CN VIII cochlear division

-function

A

relay of auditory information from the cochlea

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11
Q

auditory information is distributed in what fashion?

A

bilaterally through brain stem and cortical auditory areas

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12
Q

unilateral lesions of CNS auditory structures results in…

A

does not result in unilateral deafness

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13
Q

in relation to CN VIII

-what must be damaged to result in ipsilateral deafness

A

both cochlear nuclei

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14
Q

how is the cochlear division of CN VIII organized

A

tonotopically

-like topographic, but with sounds instead of body parts

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15
Q

CN VIII cochlear division

  • where does the information go?
  • what information is sent?
A

cerebral cortex for perception of spoken word and sound

-primary auditory cortex

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16
Q

primary auditory cortex location

A

superior surface of superior temporal gyrus

  • within lateral sulcus
  • Brodmann’s areas 21 and 42
  • Transverse Temporal Gyri of Heschl
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17
Q

function of cross-communication between sides of CN VIII cochlear division nuclei before arriving at cortex

A

supports the ability to localize sound to one side

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18
Q

cochlear nerve

-consists of…

A

consists of axons or central process of neurons bringing afferent information from the inner ear

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19
Q

cochlear nerve

  • enters brainstem at…
  • where does it go after this?
A

enters brainstem at cerebellopontine angle

birfurcates to synapse in both dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei

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20
Q

cochlear nerve nuclei location

A

superficial
located in rostral (open) medulla
-adjacent to base of inferior cerebellar peduncle and alongside the lateral aperture of the 4th ventricle

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21
Q

CN VIII cochlear division

-synapses that occur after the cochlear nuclei

A 
dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei
superior olivary nucleus
lateral lemniscus (bilateral pathway for sound localization)
nucleus of inferior colliculus
brachium of inferior colliculus
medial geniculate nucleus
primary auditory cortex
22
Q

protective auditory reflexes

A

inferior colliculus > superior colliculus > tectospinal tract = reflex turning fo head to sound

23
Q

protective auditory reflexes

  • function
  • how does it accomplish this?
A

important for protection against loud noise
superior olivary nucleus projects to CN VII - stapedius muscle
-dampening of noise at the stapes
superior olivary nucleus also projects to CN V - tensor tympani muscle
-dampening of noise at the malleus

24
Q

acoustic neuroma

  • what
  • where
  • malignant or benign?
  • where does it begin?
A

tumor growing in the cerebellopontine angle

usually benign and beginning on the VIIIth nerve

25
Q

acoustic neuroma

-S/S

A

vestibular component
-irritative lesion; changes in perception of head position - spinning sensation, vertigo
tinnitus (ringing of the ears) - irritative lesion

26
Q

CN V

-function

A

general sensation of the face and head area

motor output to the muscles of mastication

27
Q

CN V

-sensory parts carry same modalities as what other systems

A

dorsal column system

spinothalamic tracts

28
Q

CN V carries general somatosensation for…

A

anterior 2/3 of the face

29
Q

CN V divisions

A 
V1
-ophthalmic division; above the eye
V2
-maxillary division; below the eye, above the mouth
V3
-mandibular division; jaw
30
Q

CN V LMNs that innervate the muscles of mastication have their cell body in the…

A

motor nucleus of V

31
Q

CN V motor component also innervates…

A

tensor tympani
nerve to mylohyoid
-mylohyoid
-anterior digastric

32
Q

CN VII

-LMNs innervate…

A

ipsilateral

  • muscles of facial expression
  • platysma
  • stapedius
33
Q

CN VII LMNs

-axons location

A

travel around the abducens nucleus to form the facial colliculus (bump on the floor of the 4th ventricle)

34
Q

CN VII

-where does it exit the pons?

A

exits at anterolateral part of tegmentum of lower pons

35
Q

CN VII

-which part of the face (upper or lower) receives bilateral UMN control?

A

upper

36
Q

CN VII

-the LMNs that innervate the lower part of the face receive UMN input from the _____ hemisphere

A

contralateral

37
Q

CN VII preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

-location

A

reticular formation in the caudal pons

38
Q

CN VII preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

  • functions
  • -specific part responsible for each function
A

tear production
-postganglionic cell bodies in pterygopalatine ganglion (lacrimal gland)
salivation
-postganglionic cell bodies in submandibular ganglia (submandibular and sublingual glands)

39
Q

CN VII

-what sensory function does it perform?

A

taste

40
Q

CN VII LMN lesion results in what disorder

A

Bell’s Palsy

41
Q

UMN or Central Facial Palsy

-where does the deficit occur?

A

contralateral lower face

-upper face has bilateral UMN innervation

42
Q

Sx of facial nerve lesions

A

LMN deficit of ipsilateral face
dry cornea; ulcerated cornea
loss of taste over ipsilateral anterior 2/3 of tongue
inability to produce saliva
hyperacusis - stapedius can’t dampen sound

43
Q

corneal blink reflex is a combination of functions by which CNs

A

trigeminal

facial

44
Q

blink reflex

  • what is it
  • what are the components of the reflex?
A 
touch the cornea and both eyes close
direct reflex
-closure of the touched eye
indirect or consensual response
-closure of the untouched eye
45
Q

circuits of blink reflex

-what are the components

A 
receptor
afferent limb
interneurons
direct reflex efferent limb
indirect reflex efferent limb
46
Q

blink reflex receptor

A

free nerve ending in cornea (peripheral process of sensory neuron in the ophthalmic division of CN V)

47
Q

how do you elicit a response from the blink reflex receptor?

A

with cotton wisp

48
Q

blink reflex afferent limb

-where does the central process end?

A

central process ends in main sensory nucleus of V

49
Q

blink reflex interneurons

  • location
  • project to…
A

in main sensory nucleus of V

project directly to ipsilateral facial motor nucleus and to RF interneurons

50
Q

direct blink reflex efferent limb

A

ipsilateral facial motor nucleus to orbicularis oculi

51
Q

indirect blink reflex efferent limb

A

RF interneurons project to contralateral facial motor nucleus to activate contralateral orbicularis oculi

S2 Neuroscience (25 decks)

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