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S2 Neuroscience > Limbic System > Flashcards

Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

Cortical structures in the limbic system

-also called the…

A 
also called the "Limbic Lobe"
structures
-septal area
-cingulate gyrus
-parahippocampal gyrus
-hippicampus
related areas
-orbitofrontal cortex
-prefrontal cortex
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2
Q

where is the septal area

A

area surrounding end of rostrum of corpus callosum

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3
Q

associated subcortical nuclei of the limbic system

A

amygdala
hypothalamus
septal nuclei
anterior thalamic group

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4
Q

amygdala location

A

located deep to the uncus

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5
Q

septal nuclei location

A

deep to septal cortical region

near the fornix and anterior comissure

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6
Q

nerve fiber pathways in the limbic system

A

mamillothalamic tract
fornix
stria terminalis
medial forebrain bundle

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7
Q

limbic lobe connections

A

organizes as a complex loop

  • mamillary bodies to anterior thalamic group via mamillothalmic tract
  • anterior thalamic group to cingulate gyrus
  • cingulate gyrus to parahippocalpal gyrus
  • parahippocampal gyrus to hippocampus
  • hippocampus to mamillary bodies and septal region via the fornix
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8
Q

amygdala is connected to the limbic circuit via the….

A

connections to the septal region and hypothalamus via stria terminalis

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9
Q

limbic system afferents

A

cortex

reticular formation

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10
Q

cortex

-projects to what parts of limbic system

A

all parts of limbic lobe
amygdala
hypothalamus

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11
Q

RF

-projects to what parts of limbic system

A

all parts of limbic lobe
amygdala
hypothalamus

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12
Q

efferents

-limbic lobe projects to…

A

all parts of cortex

hypothalamus and RF

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13
Q

limbic lobe projects to cortex by way of…

A

thalamic gating

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14
Q

efferents

-what structures does the amygdala project to….

A

dorsomedial thalamic nucleus

brainstem RF

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15
Q

efferents

-amygdala projects to dorsomedial thalamic nucleus, which projects to _____

A

dorso medial thalamic nucleus, which in turn projects to prefrontal cortex (medial forebrain bundle)

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16
Q

efferents

-how does the amygdala project to the brainstem RF

A

both directly an indirectly via the hypothalamus (medial forebrain bundle)

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17
Q

limbic system function

A

generates behaviors necessary for preservation of the individual and the species (motivation, emotion, learning, and memory)

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18
Q

limbic system has very powerful effect on which systems

A

hypothalamus

ANS

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19
Q

lesions of the hippocampus and amygdala must be _____ to result in major deficits of normal behavior

A

bilateral

20
Q

_____ stimulation of the limbic system may result in abnormal behavior

A

unilateral

21
Q

limbic system has been labeled the _____ system

-what do these stand for?

A

3-F, 1-R system

  • fighting
  • fleeing
  • feeding
  • sexual behavior
22
Q

hippocampus

-functions

A

attention
memory
spatial orientation
stress

23
Q

hippocampus: attention
- what type of stimulation produces alertness and searching behavior?
- alertness runs through what other circuitry

A

unilateral or bilateral stimulation

alertness and awareness are cycled through the RF as the reticular activating system

24
Q

hippocampus: memory

- bilateral lesion results in…

A

results in loss of recent memory and inability to form new memories

25
Q

hippocampus: memory system

- involved in…

A

formation of declarative (explicit; memory of facts) memories, not procedural (implicit; motor memory) memory

26
Q

hippocampus: memory

- what is the process of consolidation

A

transfer of short-term memories into lasting memories

27
Q

hippocampus: spacial orientation

- hippocampus has a _____, which makes what possible

A

cognitive mapping system

makes it possible for us to compare present spatial situation with those already experienced

28
Q

hippocampus: stress

- projections go to…

A

anterior hypothalamus

29
Q

hippocampus: stress pathway
- stress causes this pathway to…
- what is the result of this?

A 
release CRF (corticotropin releasing factor)
this then acts at the pituitary to release ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
30
Q

hippocampus: stress pathway

- ACTH function

A

acts on the adrenal glands to secrete cortisol and vasopressin

31
Q

hippocampus: stress pathway
- what type of stress is this
- what type of stress is this not

A

the stress the body senses when there is an injury, not stress related to fear or neuroscience

32
Q

stress related to fear releases _____ from _____ and results in _____

A

releases norepinephrine from adrenal medulla and increases sympathetic output

33
Q

septal nuclei

-responsible for…

A

pleasure

rage

34
Q

septal nuclei: pleasure

-stimulation of septal nuclei and _____ can result in…

A

surrounding hypothalamus (parts of the anterior division) can result in sexual arousal; pleasure/euphoria from drug activation

35
Q

septal nuclei: rage

-bilateral lesions of the septal region result in…

A

hyperexcitability (exaggerated jumping when startled)

rage (unprovoked attacks)

36
Q

amygdala functions

A

sensory-affective interactions
emotion
modulator or controller of hypothalamic activities

37
Q

amygdala: sensory-affective interactions
- explain this role
- lesions produce…

A

amygdala is important for instinctive reactions to sensory stimuli, including the motivational and emotional significance of sensations
lesions produce inappropriate emotional responses to sensory stimuli

38
Q

amygdala: emotion
- emotional component of…
- important for…

A

emotional component of learning
important for developing emotional reactions to new experiences, which, if repeated, become instinctive emotional reactions.

39
Q

amygdala: emotion nuclei

- implicated in…

A

learned memory of fear

40
Q

amygdala: modulator or controller of hypothalamic activities

- stimulation or lesion of the amygdala can produce…

A

autonomic effects, arousal, sexual activity, motor activity related to eating, aggressive behavior

41
Q

amygdala: modulator or controller of hypothalamic activities

- functional locations within the amygdala

A

lateral amygdala

medial amygdala

42
Q

lateral amygdala

  • stimulation produces…
  • based on the…
A

produces
-a gradual build up of aggressive behavior (anger)
-hyperphagia (overeating - lateral hypothalamus)
-pleasure reactions
-tameness
based on the normal social behaviors of an individual

43
Q

medial amygdala

-stimulation produces…

A

decreased aggressive behavior
aphagia (medial hypothalamus)
decreased sadness
decreased fear-associated defensive behavior

44
Q

limbic system interaction with hypo

-generally throught to be displayed as…

A

autonomic component of aggressive or defensive behaviors

45
Q

limbic system interaction with hypo

-medial limbic of amygdala to medial hypo are more attuned to what behaviors?

A

behaviors generated out of defense of self

46
Q

limbic system interaction with hypo: lateral limbic parts of amygdala

  • receive _____ from _____
  • connected more with…
  • region is associated with _____ behaviors
A

receive powerful sensory association cortical input
connected more with lateral divisions of the hypo
more associated with predatory or feeding behaviors

47
Q

anterior septal region

  • more attuned to acting in _____
  • this region is thought to function in the _____
A

acting in satisfaction or pleasure

this region is thought to function in the euphoria associated with the onset of addictions: cocaine, methamphetamines

S2 Neuroscience (25 decks)

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