Visual Perception Flashcards
Biological factors that influence visual perception
Are grounded in physiology (functions of the body) are also similar for most people. Except where some difference functionality is experienced by an individual due to genetics, injury, age or some other biological reason
Biological depth dues
Is the ability to judge distance and see the world in three main dimensions, helps it to determine how near or far an object is from another object or ourselves.
Monocular depth cues: replies on visual information perceived by one eye
Binocular depth cues: from two eyes
Binoculars depth cues
Requires both eyes to send information to the brain to perceive depth.
Convergence
Involves the inward turning of the eyes, Whitch is detected by the brain as tension changes in the muscles surrounding the eye
Close objects- eyes converge inward = stronger more muscle tension =visual cortex is activated and brain interprets the objects as being close in proximity
Retinal disparity
Refutes to the brain detecting similarities and differences between the information being sent from each eye.
Greater disparity = object is close
Less disparity = object is far
Monocular depth cues
Require only one eye to send information to the brain to perceived death.
How Monocular depth cues work
- accomodation
Accommodation involves the automatic focusing mechanism of the lens in the eye
The ciliary muscles control the lens making it bulge to focus on nearby objects and in Longgate to focus on far away objects .
The brain monitors the movement of the ciliary muscles and uses this information to determine the death and distance of an object in focus
Perceptual set (phycological factor)
With regard to top-down processing each persons perception set is different and shapes. How we perceive stimuli. It is informed by past experiences and memory, your motivations and the context in which you are experiencing the stimuli.
Past experiences
Memory
Motivation
Context
Perceptual set
Past experiences
Our expectations are influenced by our life experiences. Factors including culture and social backgrounds, family friendships and education.
Perceptual set
Memory
The system that actively receives organises stores and recalls information. Our memory is shaped by Alex experiences and helps us understand how the world works playing an important role in our expectations.
Perception set
Motivation
Influenced by our individuals desires depending on our motivation we will perceive certain stimuli that align with our goals as more salient than others.
Perception set
Motivation
Influenced by our individuals desires depending on our motivation we will perceive certain stimuli that align with our goals as more salient than others.
Perception set context
Context is the situation or condition in which something occurs for our purpose. It is the location and the circumstances in which the visual stimulates are being produced
Perceptual constancy
The ability to proceed shifting information sent to the brain about an object and know that the object hasn’t actually changed in size, shape or orientation.
Perceptual constancy is used to perceive a visual stimulate as remaining constant . Size constancy, shape constancy and orientation constancy
Size constancy
Recognises that a visual stimulator actual size remains the same despite change in the information sent to the brain about the size of stimulus
Shape constancy
Recognises that a stimulus actual shape remains the same despite change in the shape of the retinal images sent to the brain
Orientation constancy
Recognises that a stimulus actual orientation remains the same despite change in the orientation of the retinal images sent to the brain
Gestalt principles
Figure- ground
Closure
Proximity
Similarity
The gestalt
Figure ground
The tendency to perceive part of a visual stimuli as more relevant (the figure) and standing out against its less relevant surround (the ground) the line of separation between the figure and the ground is termed the contour and it helps to differentiate the figure from the ground
The gestalt principle of closure
Refers to our ability to close up, fill in or ignore gaps in visual stimuli and perceive objects as a meaningful hole
Similarity gestalt principal
tend to group together a whole any stimulate that are like in size shape or colour 
Proximity gestalt principle
Proximity is the tendency to perceive the parts of a visual stimulus that are close together rather than spaced far apart as belonging to a group
Social factors that influence visual perception
Culture
The community in which we live including the people we are surrounded by and associate with helps to shape how we see the world this influence can take the form of traditions value systems attitudes, and beliefs pass down through generations
